Fruit Fly Lab Report

To investigate optimal foraging behaviour, two treatments were carried out on a sample of Drosophilia melanogaster (fruit flies), who were previously starved for 24 hours. In treatment 1, 5 mL of 400 mM sucrose solution (SS) was dyed with 4 droplets of red food colouring. 5 mL of 40 mM SS was dyed with 3 droplets of blue food coloring. Using a Pasteur pipette, 16 drops were placed, four-by-four, on a Petri dish, alternating the red 400 nM and blue 40 mM solutions. The drops were spaced 5 mm apart so the flies could move around them. Approximately 10-15 flies were added from a vial, into the Petri dish. The number of live flies were counted, and left for one hour to forage. After one hour, the dish was placed in a freezer for 10 minutes to kill the flies. The flies were examined under a microscope to determine abdominal colour (red, blue, purple, or colourless). Treatment 2 followed the same procedure. However, 5 mL of 400 mM SS was dyed with 3 droplets of blue food colouring, and 5 mL of 40 mM SS was dyed with 5 droplets of red food colouring. The two treatments controlled for fly colour preference. A Chi-squared

-Arthropods use pheromones, this includes sowbugs and cockroaches. Chemical signals are picked up by antennae.

These receptors record on a extensive form of sensory modalities including changes in temperature, stress, touch, sound, mild, style, odor, physique and limb actions, and even blood pressure and chemistry. Scientists have recognized for nearly a hundred thirty years that distinct afferent nerve fibers of the peripheral nervous procedure are in contact with specialized non neural receptive buildings which realize and transmit sensory knowledge from the periphery to the Central Nervous System. The non neural receptive structure in conjunction with its afferent nerve fiber is mainly called a

Drosophila melanogaster is a small, common fly found near unripe and rotted fruit. It has been in use for over a century to study genetics. Thomas Hunt Morgan was the best biologist studying Drosophila early in the 1900’s. Morgan was the first to discover sex-linkage and genetic recombination, which placed the small fly in the forefront of genetic research. Scientists have used Drosophila for many reasons. For one they are very easy to maintain, breed, anesthetize, and kill with little equipment. They are also very small and it is easy to distinguish males vs females and sexually mature flies and virgins. At lastly, the flies have a very short two week life span. On days 2-7 of their life

What type of neurons (sensory or motor) are in the ANS? What are the names for the two neurons in the ANS system?

METHODS: In this experiment, the instructor provided us with 30 ebony individuals and 20 wild type individuals. In order to get an exact amount of each type, we anesthetized the flies and counted them off by gently using a fine point paint brush. Then all 50 Drosophila were put into a population cage which had a lid that had six holes for the centrifuge tubes. Two food tubes and four clean, empty tubes were added on the first day. Each food tube consisted of half a cup full of food mixed with 6-7 milliliters of water. This was the fly medium. The food should turn blue once the water is added. Each tube was labeled with a number and with the date. Every two to three days we added one more food tube until all 6 tubes contained the fly medium. After all 6 tubes were filled, the following days after we exchanged the first food tube with a new food tube. At the end of the experiment, we fed the flies with a total of 8 food tubes. Then the flies were anesthetized, again. At the end of this four week lab, the number of living ebony and wild

Furthermore, the axons of the olfactory tract project to either the amygdala, piriform cortex (region of limbic cortex) and the entorhinal cortex (region of the limbic cortex). From the amygdala, information then is sent to the hypothalamus. The entorhinal cortex sends its information to the hippocampus. The piriform cortex takes its information to the hypothalamus and orbitofrontal cortex

1a. The purpose of this experiment was to study the relationship of the distribution of stable flies to certain environments and to understand how and why it affects their survival. A stable fly or (Stomoxys Calcitrans) is a fly that sucks the blood of domestic animals and humans. Natural enemies of the stable fly include beetles and mites which devour eggs and larvae, small parasitic wasps known as (Spalangia) are predators to the stable fly, attacking fly pupae.

Abstract The objective of this lab to, develop an understanding of the inheritance patterns observed in a fruit fly. For this experiment we used Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism due to its short life cycle, small size, and its virtual inexpensiveness. Drosophila melanogaster commonly known as the fruit fly used in this experiment provided experimental data that was in agreement with the laws of segregation and independent assortment proposed by Gregor Mendel.

To start, a fly anesthetic was used named “FlyNap” to anesthetize the drosophila melanogaster. A fur wire was then dipped into the FlyNap and then placed into the vial with the vial on its side being careful not to uncork the foam plug. After about a minute the drosophila melanogaster become unconscious. The unconscious drosophila melanogaster are then swept onto a plate with a small paintbrush. Once they are on a plate they are then to be scored with a compound microscope. For the experiment five females and five males were required to be placed in vial with at the bottom of this vial were some parts dry fly food, mixed water, and granules of yeast. While keeping the vial sideways sliding a small portion of plastic netting and then

During the early 1900s, two experiments were performed to determine whether bees have a sense of smell.

Phenotypic expression of the mutation is isolated to the eyes of adult flies, with no differences observed in developmental stages. The feature characteristic is eye color: mutant adults express a darker, reddish-brown color in contrast to the wild type red eye. Additionally, no pseudopupil is observed in mutants. However this may be due to the darker eye color obscuring visibility of a pseudopupil. Newly eclosed flies express a lighter mutant phenotype than older flies. The mutation is nicknamed Rust due to the similarities between iron oxide, a reddish-brown compound that forms and darkens after exposure to oxygen, and the mutant eye color following eclosion. Male and female mutant flies show no differences in phenotype aside from sexual dimorphism. Figure 1 shows the differences between Rust and wild type flies in eye color and pseudopupil observed.

The nervous system has three general functions: a sensory function, an interpretative function and a motor function. Sensory nerves gather information from inside the body and the outside environment. The nerves then carry the information to central nervous system (CNS). Nervous tissue consists of two main types of cells: neurons and neuroglia. Neurons also so known as nerve cells ") transmit nerve impulses that move information around the body. Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System are Identified as the two major groups of nervous system organs while CNS = brain & spinal cord and PNS nerves that extend from the brain (cranial nerves) and spinal cord (spinal nerves). Sensory receptors respond to stimuli and transmit data about them to the brain. In the skin, receptors detect touch, pressure, vibration, temperature, and pain. Elsewhere in the body, more specialized receptors detect light (see How the eye works), sound (see The mechanism of hearing), smell, and taste. The body nervous system detects the changes affecting the body, make decisions, and stimulate muscles or glands to respond. The responses counteract the effects of the changes, where the nervous system helps maintain homeostasis. Neurons vary in size and shape and also differ in the lengths and sizes because of their axons and dendrites. A neuron has 4 basic parts: the dendrites, the cell body which is also called the soma, the axon and the axon terminal. Dendrites - Extensions from the neuron

The main purpose of the research performed by Maurice Kernan, David Cowan, and Charles Zuker, is to determine which specific genes are linked with mechanotransduction. In order to proceed with any experimentation, a model for the research was chosen to be Drosophila since the adults are found to have cuticular mechanosensory organs that allow for tractable genetic and behavioral analysis. The hypothesis formulated was that if Drosophila with X-linked mutations were screened, then the effects and the factors involved with behavioral response to touch and mechanotransduction would be understood more and be able to apply the findings on human mechanosensory receptors; however, with each experimentations, variables that may have altered or also have influenced the results must be isolated to eliminate any error through the experimentation and to reach an accurate conclusion about mechanotransduction on a biophysical and molecular level. Significant findings from their research that were not already known were that since the adult flies showed a reduced growth when they had mutations in their genes and from the results, it can be concluded that this is due to behavioral phenotypes that ranged from reduction of locomotor activity to complete incoordination. Through their experimentation of the behavioral analysis of the mosaic flies, it was observed that there was an indication that the unc (uncoordinated) allele is a focus concerning external sensory bristles. Additionally, from

The sex pheromone used by females to call in males is known and available commercially for monitoring. It is a good management practice to put several pheromone traps in each field, to help you know when moths are flying. At a higher concentration and distribution, scientists are experimenting with the sex pheromone to disrupt mating, with some notable success in