Determining age is extremely difficult when is comes to providing an accurate method that does not require the killing or substantial harm of animal. Most aging methods of marine animals involve counting of growth rings in hard structures, such as bone or teeth. For the Beluga and most Odontocetes scientists have been counting the growth layer groups (GLG) on their teeth. However, there have been conflicting reports on if Belugas lay growth bands annually or biannually. This is because scientists will use a variety of methods to confirm their hypothesis of 1 or 2 GLGs a year. Solving this discrepancy and finding an accurate method for aging is critical to the understanding of the Belugas life history. Knowing an animals life history allows …show more content…
If only one reader counts the GLGs they could be dramatically over or underestimating GLGs if there are multiple irregularities in the bands or if the reader isn't very good at counting them, whether its due to inexperience or they aren't detail oriented or they simply counted late at night. Consequently, the age would be inaccurate. In particularly studies that state that belugas deposit 1 GLG per year; each missed or double counted ring would be altering the age by a full year. Both papers used more than 1 reader, except Bella from Brodie's review, and take variance of counts into consideration using bias plots or CVs. The large difference in the methods used to determine if deposits happened 1 or 2 a year was the actual variability of the teeth themselves. More specifically Stewart's paper used archived wild teeth, while Brodie's review paper mainly touched on studies that used teeth from recently deceased captive animals. As mentioned many times throughout most papers, captive animals tend to have irregular deposit patterns in GLGs once they become captive. Who's then to say that the irregularities are not only in how the deposits form, but also in terms of how long they take to form. While we can only be certain that in captivity the deposits were 2 per year because we have the total amount of years in captivity; the age of
Sharks grow slowly and reproduce at a low rate. Their natural rate of replenishment is low, because they reproduce late in life and produce few offspring (Sims and Reid, 2002). If too many of a certain shark species is killed in a certain area, it is possible that that species may never recover. For example, the number of dusky sharks and sandbar sharks off the eastern United States decreased by more than 80% between 1985 and 1995. The sand tiger shark and the great white shark are threatened world-wide. Despite reproduction, little is known about the status, behavior patterns, and their migration patterns of most
On May 15, 2016 at approximately 2335 hours Security Officers Steven Evans and Omar Alonso were in the E.D. Security Office when we heard someone yell for help inside of the E.D. entrance doors in regards of a “Gunshot Wound” patient. Out of the Office, we observed a Hispanic male hoping towards the PFS counter with blood on his left abdominal area. Security Supvr. Evans grabbed a wheelchair and wheeled him to one of the E.D. triage room, while his friend, Joseph Park (witness) register him with PFS. Security team in coordination with E.D. Charge Nurse Robbie Phillips placed the Emergency Department in a lockdown, Security Officers responded and kept watch over both E.D. entrances. The patient, Daniel Lopez (DOB: 10/16/1997, FIN #85640879) was transferred to E.D. #35, he had 4 “GSW”, 2 on the right and left buttock, 1 on the right
Doyle on April 7, 2016 we discussed protective custody and how we do not have authority to tell a facility that the RA cannot leave unless and that we are going for guardianship without first speaking with OGC.
U.S. Geological Survey’s Sirenia Project has been monitoring welfare biomarkers in manatees over several years in Kings Bay, Florida. Dr. Bob Bonde, a research biologist with the Sirenia Project, is granting the use of these samples for my proposed project. Identification and documentation of age classes of manatees at Kings Bay will account for manatees adapting to human interactions at these study sites over time. Thus, age may be positively correlated with lower welfare biomarker concentrations in samples. Fecal and blood samples will also be collected from captive manatees in swim programs at Isla Mujeres’s Dolphin Discovery Center with cooperation from staff members. Hypothesis 1: Human interaction induces negative physiological responses in the West Indian manatee, as indicated by welfare biomarker concentrations from fecal and blood
Trego works at the Conservation Ecology Lab at San Diego State University in California. She reported her team’s early findings on December 14, at the Society for Marine Mammalogy meeting in San Francisco.
This is where I would give evidence about laws against interracial marriage. (Christian Science Monitor, 2001)
GoArmyEd is an Army Continuing Education System program that provides the virtual gateway 24/7 to request Tuition Assistance (TA) for Soldiers, scholarship payment for Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) Cadets and professional development for Army Civilians online, anytime for classroom and distance learning college courses. GoArmyEd is a dynamic online portal that automates many of the paper-based processes historically conducted in-person at Army Education Centers.
The Australian Grey Nurse Shark is also known as the Spotted Ragged-Tooth Shark and as the Sand Tiger Shark ("Australian Threatened Species”). The species is identified by its gray to gray-brown coloration, the possible presence of reddish/brownish spots on the caudal fin and posterior half, their countershading, and by its two almost equally sized dorsal fins. They are known to grow over 3.6 meters in length with the males and females maturing at different lengths, 2.21 meters and 2.2 meters, respectively (McGrouther, 2015). Females also mature significantly later at 9-10 years than their male counterparts, who mature at 6-7 years. Their diet consists of fish,
Human beings have always fought for the right to control their bodies and engage in practices that please themselves and their bodies. Similarly, the society, in general, has tried to regulate the control of human bodies and set rules that do not favor everyone's opinion. The most common forms of body control that have been fought over for a long time include freedom of sexuality and freedom of abortions. In the case of sexuality, the society, mostly backed by religious institutions has tried to eliminate homosexuality despite the fact that many members of the society are naturally born gay or homosexual. Additionally, the society has done its best to prohibit abortions with minimal success. In the past, the freedom of sexuality
Improve the process flow of grant actions in GMM and decrease the time of obligation.
Based on the case, I came to the conclusion that the error that was both a risk behavior and reckless behavior that leads to an error in this type to situation. The error was a risk behavior because the sonographer knew that the right thing to do is to stay with the patient until someone comes and picks up the patient. However, he chose to leave the patient after his shift was over. In addition, I believed that this case is also a reckless behavior that leads to an error because the sonographer knows that leaving the patient alone in the room is wrong. However, he did it. As a result, this can lead to the patient falling.
Since 1876, L.G. Everist, Inc. has specialized in a wide range of rail transloading services, focused on the safe and efficient transfer and handling of bulk products. Our partnerships and locations allow us to reach all corners of United States and international markets.
Utilizing regressions, Gylfason depicts a relationship such that if natural capital is raised by 18 percentage points, public expenditures diminish by one percent of GNP. The expected number of years related to female schooling between 1980 and 1997 is also shown to be negatively associated with the share of natural capital out of national wealth. Additionally, a negative relation is also captured on among secondary school enrollments regarded to both genders and natural resource abundance. In a nutshell, outcomes (expected years of schooling) as well as participation (enrollments related to secondary education) and human capital measured in terms of inputs (public expenditures) are associated with natural resource endowments inversely.
The teeth is a one way to establish the age, but it may not be accurate. The third molar was used in a study conducted by Charles University. The authors used 1,110 from ages five to fifteen orthopantomograms to evaluate the stage development of the third molar. Patients from sixteen to twenty-one were used to calculate the third molar eruption; however, 2.5% of the group were excluded because their wisdom teeth were not developed. Since the teeth are not always accurate, the pelvis is once more used, specifically the pubic symphysis. Even though there is no specific technique used to determine the age of an individual, an experiment performed in Chiba University concluded there is a connection between the pubic “bone lengths or heights of the parallel division of the pubic symphysis… and age at death” (Age Estimation using Tomography). As the individual ages the parallel divisions lengthen the tilted part becomes shorter. There was almost no significant differences between men and women; however, there male age was simpler to identify the age. (Age Estimation using
The use of dental formation and eruption for age estimation in subadults because tooth development is correlated more closely to chronological age, rather than the development of other skeletal parts. Due to the regular formation and eruption times for teeth, dentition is the most widely used technique for