Cancer of the upper gastrointestinal tract is one of the most common causes of death in many East Asian countries. The first article analyzes screening efficacy for cancer of the upper gastrointestinal tract via endoscopic examination in both high-risk and non-high-risk regions in China. Being the first ever randomized controlled study for screening of upper gastrointestinal cancer in China, this study aims to promote screening strategies to help reduce cancer rates. The purpose for this study is to emphasize the importance of how screening will help in early detection of cancers so that treatment can still be effective. This offers a better chance to decrease incidence and mortality. The second article discusses the recent epidemiology of …show more content…
While mortality rates have decreased over the past few years, this disease remains a major public health problem all over the world.
The research question posed for the first study was if establishing a large screening unit for upper GI cancer in China would contribute to its decline for patients that must return for long-term follow-ups. For example, an interesting piece of evidence found from previous studies were that countries being speculated, have an accumulation of upper GI cancer screening, but only through observational studies (Chen, Zeng, Chen, Xia, Yang, Xia & He, 2017). This limitation of the study design resulted in several inconsistencies as well as zero impact of endoscopic screening on cancer mortality rates in high-risk populations of China. To reduce errors while conducting this trial, the researchers of this article formulated a randomized controlled trial aimed at high and low-risk populations to evaluate screening efficacy of upper GI cancer. It was hypothesized that screenings analyzed in regions with positive findings, will result in more awareness of this disease, and thus, a steady decline in mortality rates. Once people are aware and educated about their situation, it will encourage them to follow-up with their physician for treatment. Although not directly stated in the second article, it also poses the
This epidemic is widespread and impacts a large and diverse group of society. In 2015, there were 194,716
- Re-emerging diseases: Once controlled by preventative public health measures they are now on the rise
This had reduced the threat posed by the two and currently, the diseases claims very little lives among Americans. More understanding of how the human body works and recognition of formally unknown conditions as well as improving therapies for other severe conditions e.g. HIV and Aids have by great extent reduced the mortality rate in the United States of America. Adoption of public health measure has played a major role in reducing the mortality rate (MMWR, 1999). Achievements such as vaccination, family planning practices, practice of healthy working conditions, prevention and control of infectious diseases among others are among the most public health measures that have contributed to improvements in the health of the nation (Cutler & Miller,
than there was before, we still find it difficult to prevent the disease and yet have a large
generations to come. Because this epidemic is a recent trend, it is hard to be sure on what may
In the U.S. we like to think of many communicable diseases as extinct or eradicated.
Cancer is the leading cause of death among Asians Americans, and rates vary with age, acculturation and location. The stated differences may represent the influence of environment, such as diet and health habits, and therefore may be modifiable. When it comes to liver and stomach cancer, Asian Americans are tree times more likely to develop liver cancer than non-Hispanic whites and twice as likely to develop liver cancer. In the Chinese, liver cancer is associated with Hepatitis B (precursor to liver disease and cancer) and in whites, liver cancer is primarily associated with alcohol. For colon cancer, it is suggested that diet is related, so is other environmental risk factors. Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among Chinese
Cancer among Asian American women are the leading cause of death of breast cancer and cervical cancer. The mortality rate for Asian American women are still at its lower peak when compared to women from other ethnic groups and races. Nevertheless, cancer of the breast and cervical are still among the two most common diagnosed of cancer in its population. The lack of knowledge of the advancement Papanicolaou (Pap) Test and mammograms influenced the Asian community to shy away from receiving proper care. More so, many Asian women relate cancer with “a death sentence” outlining fatal and barrier to cancer as end stage (Chawla, Breen, Liu, Lee, Kagawa-Singer, 2015). The confirmation of 73.3% of all Asian women received mammogram in recent
It is without doubt that knowledge has evolved regarding colon cancer; several studies have determined that there are numerous causes of the disease. Colon cancer is the third leading cause of cancer related deaths in the United States (Brown, Hossain, & Forrester, 2013). Considering the vast information gathered regarding the etiology of colon cancer, it is essential for Americans to understand the importance of screenings in order to reduce the mortality rates related to the disease. Indeed, a priority for the community nurse is to identify those populations who are at risk for colon cancer in order to empower them with the knowledge required to obtain screenings and implement lifestyle changes that will increase their chance of survival.
Endo or GI specialist diagnose and treat variety of conditions without the need for surgery; but if a procedure become complicated, accidental, or desire for long-term care, they refer, their patients to professionals in that area which they are associated. For example, if lesion polyps or hemorrhoids were found the doctor would recommend the patient to colorectal surgery for further treatment. When a recurrent polyp is diagnosed, the endo doctor would refer that patient to generic counselling. With a diagnosis of hernia, the doctor would refer their patient to general GI doctor for further care. In the case of the diagnosis of cancer, the endoscopy will refer the patient to a cancer specialist (oncologists).Issues with the bile duct the doctor would refer the patient to a biliary
Fortunately, doctors and scientists are constantly developing new methods and techniques to fight this condition.
Numerous diseases that used to be widespread in the U.S. are now nearly eliminated. “An epidemic of rubella in 1964-65 infected 12½ million Americans, killed 2,000 babies, and caused 11,000 miscarriages. In 2012, 9 cases of rubella were reported to CDC.” (What Would Happen If We Stopped Vaccinations?) Another disease that prevailed before its vaccine was polio, as you can see in this graph. The red line shows when the polio vaccine was introduced. In 2014, CNN reported that “Just five years ago, India was home to nearly half the global polio cases and considered one of the most technically difficult places to eradicate the disease, because of sanitation challenges and high-density population. India has been certified polio-free by the World Health Organization after going three years without an endemic case of polio. The eradication of polio in India is heralded as one of the biggest achievements in global health efforts.” (Madison Park) However, this isn’t the only success story, these are the percent decreases of before and after certain vaccines were introduced in the U.S. Here, diphtheria has a 100 percent decrease in the U.S after its vaccine was introduced. From 21,000 cases of diphtheria, there are now ZERO endemic cases in the U.S. What about measles? Before its vaccine, there were roughly 530,000 cases each year in
Lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma (liver) and gastric cancer are three of the main causes of cancer deaths in the Asian community. Philanthropic organizations are nonprofit nongovernmental entities that use donations to aid the society in some way. The Asian Cancer Research Group is an independent, not-for-profit company that benefits the society and advocates Christianity. The goal of the Asian Cancer Research Group (ACRG) is to research and improve the treatments for the most common types of cancer in Asia by mapping out the different genomes of the cancers and to share their results with scientists worldwide. The Asian Cancer Research Group aids a lot in the constant search for the cures of different cancers found common in Asia
In Sweden, where I live, the disease is not even seen as deadly anymore. Only approximately 6,500 Swedes are today infected
study showed that 20 people died from the disease in Britain in 1 year. Also, every year there are