Gender and the Battle of Athleticism Savanah Eplin Group Member: Abby Darnold, Sarah Ferguson, and Victoria Dent June 19, 2015 T.A. Debbie Moore BSC 228-502 Introduction: Statistics are defined as the science that comprehends collections of data and analysis by interpreting them to numerical data. Physiology can use statistics in many ways such as sizes of cells comparisons, the length of nerves in comparison, Analysis of Variation (ANOVA), and other statistic comparisons (Lazic). This experiment is comparing vertical jump height with muscle, and fat content between women and men. There will always be some type of argument that men are better than women in all contexts, especially in physical …show more content…
Yet, women have the power to recover faster and do not experience fatigue as much as men. Testosterone is one of the main steroids that give men an advantage. Testosterone is what allows a man to gain more muscle composition. Women release testosterone by their ovaries, but not a large quantity as men do. Compared to a male runner, the top long distance female runner has 8% body fat while the male only has 4% (Doctor). Yet, women’s joints are more flexible which is why they can perform sports such as gymnastics, cheerleading, and yoga easier than men. By using the mean, median, and mode of the results recorded, I believe women and men will be alike in ways people did not expect. By looking at the content of fat and muscle composition on the calf, weight of a female/male, and the ability to vertically jump, evidence will be provided that physical activity does not solely rely on the gender of a person. If the circumference of any persons’ calf is high due to fat then their ability to jump higher will decrease because of lack of muscle and/or lack of physical activity. Comparing men and women though, research leads to evidence that men can jump higher than women. If a man and a woman’s were compared, a man will be able to jump higher due to higher testosterone, activity of a male, and the muscle composition of a male. Materials: Experiments were done following protocol as outlined in handout with a few
For example, according to Cassandra Meuret, author of “Co-ed Sports is Something That Should Not Be Considered” states “Imagine football being mixed with both men and women. A 250-pound linebacker charging at a 150-pound woman doesn’t exactly seem like the safest scenario.” (Meuret 1). Another example is strength. Stated in the article “Should sports be co-ed?” “strength is another big factor. The world’s strongest woman, who bench pressed 531 lbs, does not compare to the world’s strongest man, who bench pressed 1,008 lbs.” (S 1). We should not integrate men and women into the same team because with this difference in strength being as drastic as it is, that is not fair to the male or the female in the situation. Say the sport that is co-ed is football, someone who can press almost double as another person, is to tackle the smaller one, that could lead to a harmful injury. Strength and muscle capacity may be important to the difference in men and women, but height is another fatal factor. The article “Should sports be co-ed” provides another example of “NBA basketball player at 6’6.98” (2007-08 Player Survey: Height), which is well above the average height of a WNBA basketball player at 5’11.84” (2002-03 WNBA Player Survey Averages), the women would be at a disadvantage.”( S 2) With almost a foot difference, the male could reach the net a lot easier than the woman could. With this height difference, this causes the male to have naturally longer legs, with a longer stride. “The world record holder for the men’s 400m dash time is 43.18 seconds, which is 4.42 seconds faster than the world record holder for the women’s world record at 47.60 seconds (400 Metres).” (S 3). Say the world's fastest man, and the world's fastest women competed in a race. The male would win because of the difference in leg strength and
In “Sex differences in Human Behavior”, Melissa Hines argues that the terms “sex difference” and “gender difference” can be used interchangeably. That it is impossible to categorize “sex differences” as biological, and “gender differences” as sociological. Sex is typically associated with biology while gender is associated with sociology. Through basic principles of sociology, it is clear that women are alienated with the excuse that Biology is the best possible determinant for defining a female hyperandrogenism athlete. In a New York Times article, Rebecca Jordan-Young and Katrina Karkazis argue that “Scientifically, there is no clear or objective way to draw a bright line between male and female.Testosterone is one of the most slippery markers that sports authorities have come up with yet…Testosterone is not the master molecule of athleticism. One glaring clue is that women whose tissues do not respond to testosterone at all are actually overrepresented among elite athletes” (Young & Karkazis). Basically, it is believed that women with abnormally high testosterone levels should not be allowed to compete because it would not be fair to the rest of the female
Since the implementation of Title IX in 1972, more females are participating in sports (Hewett, 2000). Title IX mandated equal sports participation for females in both secondary and college-level education systems (Arendt, Agel, & Dick, 1999). The increased participation in female sports has increased the awareness of health in female athletes. In both male and female sports there are sport specific musculoskeletal injuries; however, there is a difference in number of injuries in females compared to males (Arendt et al., 1999).
I was surprised to read that John McEnroe commented on Serena Williams saying that she was the greatest women’s tennis player, but would only rank around 700 if she competed in the men’s tennis circuit. Leaving politics aside, I still feel like this isn’t a reasonable statement. Before taking this course, I would’ve said that it was absurd. Women are just as capable as men. After learning about the physiological differences between men and women, I can understand where John McEnroe’s statement is coming from. As a woman, I realize that physiology plays a huge role in our athletic abilities compared to men. Before puberty, the body composition and size are the same. After puberty, testosterone and estrogen come into play. With testosterone there is an increase in bone formation and protein synthesis in the upper body. With estrogen there is an increase in bone growth rate and fat deposits particularly in the hips and thighs. This course taught me that when it comes to strength in the upper body, women are 40-60% weaker, and in the lower body, women are 25-30% weaker. However, I still feel as if Serena wouldn’t rake 700 in the men’s tennis circuit. Based on her training and athletic abilities, I feel like she could rank in the top 100. It all depends on the
There has always been a stereotype that says that men are faster, stronger, taller, and just better at athletics then females. Where as the other side to that stereotype is that females are flexible, have better balance, and better have better endurance then males. The problem that theses stereotypes fall into is a problem called gender logic which is where people are separated into different categories which are gender categories and sex categories. You are put into these categories based on what type of the stereotype that you fall into. This is the issue because it changes peoples perspective on what sports are made just for males and sports that are made just for females based on these stereotypes that come from this ideas of gender
Several studies have shown that female athletes have a considerably larger probability of experiencing an ACL injury than male athletes. Females who partake in high interval, vigorous, and physically demanding sports including basketball, soccer, and gymnastics have a higher risk of ACL injury. According to the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, “female athletes who participate in jumping and pivoting sports are two to ten times more likely to sustain a knee ligament injury, than male athletes participating in the same sports.” Scholars and surgeons have suggested that females are at a higher risk of knee injury due to strength, conditioning, and neuromuscular control. Other suggested causes for increase injury in females include a narrower
First off the two gender will have different abilities because most of the time the average marathon male runner will always run faster than the female runner. Professional female weightlifter will never lift more than a professional male weightlifter, and biologically males are stronger and faster. Making women unavailable to complete on a male team.
That makes the rate for physical activity of a female student athlete higher than male student athletes. That can become a big problem for athletic programs nation-wide. Usually, the female body is predominately used as a reproductive organ and that makes it easier to cause injuries among female student athletes than male student athletes. With studies proving how much of a difference it is for a female student athlete verses a male student athlete when it comes to big injuries like knee injuries. Knee injuries could be career ending for both the male and female student athlete, but causes more concern for female student athlete because of the exposure. From practicing to game time competition, female student athletes are likely to become more injured due to the lack often testosterone and other things that males can produce. The physical challenge comes that day after the injury. Figuring out what could that student possible do to recover safely and in a orderly fashion. The physical recovery is only twenty percent of pursuing complete recovery and the other eighty percent concentrating on the mental and emotionally capacity of the student
A big part that contributes to this result (significant differences) is that males on average tend to have more muscle mass than females
An individual who considers conducting applied research must first formulate an appropriate hypothesis in an effort to obtain an answer to a question through data and other statistical means. Importantly, it is essential for the researcher conducting the desired study to provide pertinent evidence that illustrates a valid or an invalid point regarding the data results. Our selected research was to prove whether or not males, in fact, weighed more at birth in comparison to females at birth. Furthermore, the research problem in the case of female and male birth weight presents our hypothesis, regarding greater birth weight, which is men on average weigh more at birth than women with an alternative hypothesis that the null hypothesis will be false.
In relation to the female athlete triad, some women are more prone to the condition than others. Sports that emphasize performance based on weight specifications increase the prevalence of the female athlete triad. Women who participate in sports such as ballet, figure skating, gymnastics, diving, and other aesthetic component sports have a higher risk of developing aspects of the female athlete triad in addition to women who participate in sports that involve weight classes such as tae kwon do, judo, wrestling, rowing, and equestrian (6). Most female athletes who participate in either high-intensity or endurance exercise have a greater chance of developing the triad. Studies have shown that women who
Males mainly participate in sports that are considered more “masculine” and that often include the characteristics of danger, risk, violence, speed, strength, endurance, and challenge (Klomsten, Marsh, & Skaalik, 2005). Females usually participate in sports that are characteristically graceful, non-aggressive, and beautiful (Klomsten et al., 2005). Even male sports that have a female counterpart are often very different characteristically, like baseball and softball, for example.
According to The Atlantic, a multimedia news company, using information from the Olympics and other major sporting events we can find that women tend to fall 10% short to men in athletic ability. But not to fear girls, you statistically perform better than boys in school in all subjects not to mention girls under 14 score higher than boys on IQ test probably because I even out the scale.
Women are physically weaker. Their genetic structure is made differently than the males. Susan Brownmiller