Global Warming As Causes Of El Nino Southern Oscillation Phenomena

Global warming has become an undisputed fact about our current livelihoods; our planet is warming up and we are definitely part of the problem. However, this isn’t the only environmental problem that we should be concerned about. All across the world,

The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is one of the most important natural climatic phenomena on

It is important to understand the various cycles our atmosphere goes through due to how they affect our daily lives. The ENSO Cycle has a large impact globally and locally in California as we have seen with the long-term drought Southern California is currently in. The ENSO cycle can be defined by sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly in the Pacific Equatorial Area known as Nino 3.4 region (5oN-5oS, 120o-170oW). Unusually cooler waters (-.5 degrees centigrade) occurring for three consecutive months outlines a La Niña. La Niña’s bring wetter weather to Australia and Indonesia but often leaves the Eastern Pacific dry. Unlike La Niña’s, unusually warm water (+.5 degrees centigrade above average) occurring for 3 consecutive month’s outlines an

El Nino is a warm current in the Pacific Ocean that flows southward along South America’s west coast. It usually last nine to twelfth months and returns an average 4 years. Normally deep, cold Pacific waters well up to the surface of the Peruvian and Ecuadorian coast, bringing up nutrients and chilling surface waters and causing climatic changes worldwide. A powerful El Nino in 1982 and 1983 caused severe drought in Australia and Indonesia and an unusually large number of storms in California. During the 1997-98 El Nino, heavy rains caused flooding in Peru, Ecuador, and Argentina; monsoons and cyclones struck Madagascar: and severe storms pelted Texas and the Southeast. More recent El Nino events in 2003 and 2006 were not as devastating.

El Niño refers to the wide ranging ocean-atmosphere climate interchange linked to a cyclical warming in ocean surface temperatures across the central and east-central Equatorial Pacific. Distinctive El Niño effects will potentially manifest over North America during the approaching winter season. They involve warmer-than-average temperatures over western and central Canada, and over the western and northern United States. Wetter-than-average conditions are probable over parts of the U.S. Gulf Coast and Florida, and drier-than-average conditions can be expected in the Ohio Valley and the Pacific Northwest. The presence of El Niño can significantly influence weather patterns, ocean conditions, and marine fisheries across large portions of the

El Niño is an anomalous, yet periodic, warming of the central and eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean. During an El Niño, these trade winds weaken, and may at times reverse from west to east. The most persistent thunderstorms will shift from the western to the eastern and central Pacific Ocean in an El Niño. Day-to-day variability in the weather pattern, including blocking patterns, forcing from climate change and other factors all work together with El Niño to determine the overall weather experienced over the timeframe of a few months. El Niño's clearest impact on northern hemisphere weather patterns occurs from late fall through winter.

In recent years, the controversial subject of global warming has been more predominantly brought to our attention. Is the threat of global warming real? Is it man-made or is this just a natural cycle of earth? Does it really affect earth’s inhabitants? Should action be taken against it? If so, what kind and to what extent? It cannot be only a coincidence that the alarmingly rapid climate change coincides perfectly with the increased amount of pollutants that humans release into the environment. The once stable climate has in recent years begun to skyrocket, thus altering the delicate structure of earthly life. This proves to be hazardous to the future of the planet; some people worry that many of the resources the environment provides that

El Nino literally means “the child,” but is it really a normal child? Well, El Nino is not actually a child and is not even close to one. El Nino is the warming of the Pacific Ocean around the equator. It may cause climate changes that can affect the environment in which people live. “During the nineteenth century, the local residents [of Peru and Ecuador] named this warm current El Nino after the Christ child because it usually appeared during the Christmas season” (Tarbuck & Lutgens, 2006, p.546). El Nino occurs every few years and lasts for several months. Changes in air pressure in the Pacific Ocean cause El Nino which can cause major weather changes worldwide both beneficial and detrimental.

The problem of climate change is a regular topic of debate. A debate that is rightfully being drilled into the forefront of everyone’s thoughts because the damage has started to become more apparent. The repercussion has started to manifest themselves through altered weather patterns, as the Earth’s temperate zone have become less, for lack of a better word temperate. Unless

Climate change is a natural phenomenon that occurs over time. However, humans have accelerated the pace of climate change due to greenhouse gas emissions, compounding the greenhouse gas effect, and leading to harm to the planet (United). This paper will focus on human-caused climate change. Climate change has the potential to impact all levels of society, ranging from the individual to businesses. Climate change has serious implications for health and wellness, the economy, agriculture, and infrastructure, along with other aspects of society. Given the rapid pace of climate change due to global warming, societal changes are necessary. It is impossible to expect society to continue to flourish in the face of a changing planet if adaptation does not occur. This adaptation must promptly take place on the part of both individuals and larger entities.

Climate change is described as a phenomenon in which the regularity of the climate undergoes temperal or precipatation changes. Climate itself is the constant long term weather pattern of a particular region. Each region has it's own variations of climate, of which there are 5 groupings, and each climate dictates the regions vegetation, species type, soil fertility, and even population locations. First and foremost, one cannot examine the evidence and result of climate change without first discussing the greenhouse effect, a natural warming of the earth and it's recent increase which has exacerbated the issue of climate change. The greenhouse effect is a process in which certain gases within the atmospere trap some of the sun’s solar radiation projected down to Earth. This process composed of the gases, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone, and even water vapor, is essential as it allows the Earth to regulate a regular warm temperature and thereby allow liquid water to reside on the surface (Reichard, 2014). These greenhouse gases, a normal part of Earths biosphere, can be released through natural process like from a Volcanic eruption or the decaying of vegetation.

We as a society have reached one of the most crucial time periods in the history of our world. Due to the way we have used the resources on this earth we have created a situation in which our climate is drastically changing. The burning of fossil fuels such as coal and oil has caused gases like carbon dioxide to become trapped in the atmosphere causing a natural greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect has caused the earth’s average temperature to rise and has resulted in arctic glaciers melting. These glaciers had gases trapped inside them that are now being released into the atmosphere further raising the earth's temperature. Due to the way we are polluting our air we have caused global warming. This global warming has caused stronger natural disasters such as hurricanes and wildfires putting our society in more danger than ever before.

During the 20th century, the earth 's average surface temperature increased by 0.6° ± ().2°C (Folland et al. 2001), and there’s strong evidence that human activities are the main cause of this trend (Mitchell et al. 2001). This increase in global surface temperature is thought to have at least some effect on the frequency of extreme weather events due to climate changes (Folland et al. 2001), and there is concern that these changes will have an enormous impact on various industries (Hitz and Smith 2004). Balancing environmental measures with economic development, that is, working toward sustainable development, is the fundamental goal of global environmental policies, including those for global warming (Hijioka, Masui, Takahashi, Matsuoka,

The El Niño story starts on the eastern Pacific Ocean. Peruvian fisherman have alway known the usually very cold and plentiful waters every so often become exceptionally warm, followed by the collapse of fish stocks. These unusual events return every 3-7 years and, and peak around December (Christmas), the fishermen named the phenomenon "El Niño" (Spanish for boy child). For decades, El Niño was considered to be a weather phenomenon only correlating with the countries of western South America. Scientists begin to realize, only early in the 20th century, that El Niño and monsoon conditions in Southeast Asia were actually related. El Nino has effected countries around the world. A refugee crisis was started in northeast Kenya as tens of thousands abandoned their camps in Somali, Uganda, Ethiopia and Sudan. The United Nations predicted five million people in southern Africa would be in famine in November of 1997/98. Ecuador, and certain areas os southern America, were hit by flash floods in November. Families in southern California were warned to prepare for one of the worst winters in recent history. The drought from El Nino is even blamed for assisting in the increase of coffee prices, as well as affecting crops in Africa, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and parts of South America. But were the years of 1997/1989 of disaster simply a preview of more terrible El Nino 's to come? Should we expect to see more El Niños because of global warming? Will they be more intense storms

Scientists have discovered 'climate forcing’s ' influence variations in climate systems and based on the depth and period of such forcing’s the adjustments to climate may be in a shorter or longer earth cycle. Natural forcing’s like variations in earth 's orbit, solar variation, volcanic eruptions and motion of tectonic plates have influence on the Earth 's climate