Gold Fish Hypothesis

In this experiment, the effect of water temperature, from 2 to 44℃, on the rate of growth of male bluegill frys will be studied. This is an important thing to study because Earth is warming, so it would be good to learn what this increase in temperature does to fish growth rates. This is also important because fish are a major food source and there is great overfishing,s so if it was learned the best temperature for the rate of growth of bluegills, bluegill farms could more easily grow bluegills in the shortest amount of time and not rely on the environment to produce them, thus reducing overfishing.

The procedure for this experiment followed the steps as shown in the flow chart (Figure 1) and will be expanded upon here. The oxygen-measuring probe in the test chamber was first turned on and required 10 minutes to warm up. During this time, two empty containers had 200mL of fish water added to them and then each was weighed using a scale that was tared to zero before use. Two pairs of goldfish were then collected from the large tank #1 in the lab room using the fish net provided, and one pair was placed in each container. Then, the containers were reweighed separately and the original weights were subtracted from the new weights in order to determine each pair of goldfish’s weight. Two trials were conducted and in each trial, each goldfish pair was subjected to two conditions, first a control condition where no factors were introduced, followed by an experimental condition where they were exposed

Daphnia magna, arthropods of the subphylum Crustacea, are widely used during laboratory experiments because they are very sensitive to many environmental parameters including temperature and chemical contaminants (Cornell, 2009). In this experiment, Daphnia magna were tested under different experimental factors, including temperature changes and exposure to different chemical, in order to observe the effect of environmental conditions on their heart rate.

In the Miranda and Hubbard (1994a) paper, the authors discuss the effects of length and lipid composition on winter survival of age-0 largemouth bass. The area of study for this research was Bay Springs Reservoir in Mississippi. Miranda and Hubbard wanted to determine if the larger young had greater survival through their first winter and if survival was influenced by levels of stored energy reserves (Miranda and Hubbard 1994a). Largemouth bass were collected from a 76-hectare arm of Bay Springs Reservoir monthly from June of 1990 through March of 1991. To collect the fish, doses of 1-2 mg/L of 5% emulsified rotenone were applied to netted zones within littoral areas (Miranda and Hubbard 1994a). Ten 0.015-hectare shoreline samples were

Rastrick, S.P.S., and Whiteley, N.M. 2013. Influence of natural thermal gradients on whole animal rates of protein synthesis in marine gammarid amphipods. PloS One, 8(3), e60050. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0060050

In general, the rate of physiological processes increase as the temperature and oxygen concentration increase (Buentello et al., 2000). The main controlling factor for fish or shrimp feeding, metabolism, and growth is temperature. The growth rate is reduced if the energy demand of increased metabolic rate exceeds the gain from increased food consumption (Brett, 1979). When the food supply is not limiting, the specific growth rate of most aquatic species increases with rising temperature (Talbot,

Worms were exposed to these temperatures and their rate of respiration was observed for individual temperature. The main objective of the study was to find out the effect of temperature change on the rate of cellular respiration. (Lab Handout)

Fish also feel the effects of an acidic environment. An acidic environment changes the pH of the fish's’ blood, this condition is known as acidosis. Fish burn extra energy to eliminate spare acid out of its blood. This would leave the fish without energy to do things such as Growing, obtain food, digest food, reproduce, or escape from predators.

De-Boeck et al. (2000) reported that salt exposure reduced food intake by 70 % in common carp, Cyprinus carpio and had adverse effects on growth and survival. Although food consumption decreased and growth was seriously affected, routine oxygen consumption of the exposed fish did not drop, indicating a reallocation of energy expenditure from growth toward other processes.

Various physiological processes in fish regulate internal pH levels to compensate for acidifying environmental conditions, such as active bicarbonate accumulation (Fabry et al. 2008). These buffering processes can impact metabolic rates, growth rates, or fecundity in adult fish or become overwhelmed in early life-stage fish, causing mortality (Murray et al. 2014; Fabry et al. 2008). Responses are highly species-specific, and there is evidence that some estuarine fish can tolerate greater decreases in pH than pelagic species because they are often preadapted to daily fluctuations of pH (Murray et al. 2014). Early studies on the effects of acidified conditions on marine finfish used unrealistically low pH levels in order to identify the physiological responses (Fabry et al. 2008). Some recent studies have constrained pH levels in their experiments to those predicted in the coming century (Murray et al. 2014; Ishimatsu et al.

he safety precautions taken to avoid injury to the goldfish or students was Animal Safety, Sharp Object Safety, and Biological Safety. Multiple goldfish were dealt with therefore the students needed to handle them with care. The water the goldfish were in was very dirty and in glass. Therefore, it was necessary to be cautious of the glass which could hurt a person if dropped. Does the temperature of the water affect the breathing rate of the goldfish? The temperature of the water does affect the breathing rate of the goldfish. If the breathing rate of the goldfish is affected by the temperature of the water, then the goldfish’s breathing rate will speed up when the water is colder and slow down when it is warmer.

The acidification of the ocean has had many effects on fish. There are 3 different types of male fish. The dominant males court females, satellite males help dominant males and sneakers try to sneak into nests when females are spawning. Recently, fish’s reproductive behaviors have been changing in CO2 rich water. Scientists conducted an experiment to see how the reproductive behaviors had changed and noticed that the fish spawned less frequently in acidic water. Although they spawned less, the fish were more productive and dominant males did not need the help of satellite males. In addition, the amount of fertilized eggs went from 38 percent to 58 percent in acidic water.

Temperature can greatly affect the metabolic rate of Carassius auratus auratus (goldfish). Carassius auratus auratus(goldfish) are native to eastern Asia and was first discovered by the Chinese. Unlike homoiotherm, Carassius auratus auratus(goldfish) are ectothermic, which means they adjust to their surrounding temperature. In this lab, the dependent variable is the rate of breath per 15 seconds and the independent variable is the temperature in Celsius. Since Carassius auratus auratus are ectothermic then their metabolic rate must go up as the temperature increase and goes down when the temperature decrease.

Fish live in water so there is no chance of the gas exchange system desiccating like there is with

The body temperature of most domestic animals is considerably higher than the environmental temperature to which they are exposed most of the time. They maintain their body temperatures by balancing internal heat production and heat loss to the environment. The hypothalmus gland acts as a body thermostat by stimulating mechanisms to counteract either high or low ambient temperatures (FAO, 1986). For example, increased conversion of feed to-heat energy is used to counteract low ambient temperatures, while for example increased respiration (rate and volume) and blood circulation in the skin counteracts high ambient temperatures. Varying temperature also results in changed behavior . Most animals reduce their level of activity in a hot environment and, for example, pigs lie clustered in a heap at low temperatures, while they lie