Golden Ass
Apuleius' Golden Ass, the only surviving novel of the Roman Empire, is a tale of a Greek nobleman devoting his life to the goddess Isis following his transformation to an ass and back. Although a work of fiction, the novel reveals a great deal about religion in Apuleius' society. This information, however, must be viewed with a critical eye. He incorporates stories from Greco-Roman mythology not to affirm their validity, but to reveal their commonness to society. Apuleius insults other religions that are not of the Pantheon with severe viciousness, while the general public may have been more open to them. In the end, he praises Isis and Osiris as the supreme gods while giving first hand account of their righteousness.
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As the wild boar mutilated the handsome Adonis, the witches and the people of Hypta had disfigured Thelyphron. Other incidents that are similar to stories in myth occur throughout the novel. Like these two incidents, the others also follow the pattern of showing that things occurring in everyday Greek life (having sexual relations with a slave and getting attacked by an angry mob) were nearly synonymous with divine tales.
Following Lucious' transformation to an ass, he takes on a more frontal assault towards the minor religions present in the Roman Empire at the time. He outright calls the eunuch priests that worship the Syrian Goddess frauds. The priests stay
"Where the public were very kind to them: in particular they made a good deal of money by professing to tell fortunes. Between them, these pious frauds composed an all-purpose oracle for the Goddess to deliver by their mouths, and used it to cheat a great many people who came to consult her on all sorts of questions." (Graves, pg. 198-199)
By not revealing the specifics of the religion of the eunuchs, Apuleius leaves open the possibility of applying the fraudulent aspect to other outside religions in the empire. With a short paragraph he discredits several cults in the empire as being money driven and simply not true. It is also evident, however, that the public does not share Lucius' distrust of the foreign goddess. In fact, they appear to be very open to her, and consequently to
My single, divine nature is worshipped throughout the earth in many forms with various ceremonies and under various names. Thus, the early races of Attica call me Athena, the Cypriots, Aphrodite; the Cretans, Artemis; the Sicilians, Persephone; the Eleusinians, Demeter; and others, Hera." (Lucius Apuleius, The Golden Ass (150 A.D.).
* Describe and discuss the significance of Roman religion and astrology 2.1; 2.2; 3.1; 3.2; 4.2; 5.2
248). The idolization of Diana provides the context of Lucius’s religious attachment to Isis later in the novel. The description of Diana also provides Apuleius’ perspective of the Ovid story of Diana and Actaeon. Furthermore, ekphrasis animates the statue of Diana by describing hanging clusters around Diana as moving and “possessing other attributes of the natural world” (Met. 2.4, pp. 34). The vibrant setting of the sculptures further shows the effervescent power of Diana. The lively nature of Diana allows the inserted tale of Diana and Actaeon to be more realistic and relatable to Lucius’s adventure. Lucius also notices Actaeon’s two-dimensional reflection before the physical, three-dimensional sculpture of Actaeon. Apuleius includes Lucius’s reaction to the reflection of Actaeon to hint at a parallel between Lucius and Actaeon. Actaeon’s reflection is also two-dimensional, so Lucius could be the three-dimensional reflection. Actaeon is also described as “waiting for Diana to begin her bath in those very waters” (Met. 2.4, pp. 34), which contrasts to Ovid’s original story where Actaeon merely stumbles upon Diana in her bath. The word “waiting” suggests that Actaeon’s actions were purposeful and almost
Religion is the belief in worship of a superhuman controlling power, especially a personal God, Gods and Goddesses. Religion in Pompeii and Herculaneum was an important and significant part of each individual's home and daily life. From the archaeological sources excavated and the written sources produced, it is revealed that the household Gods of each home were the central aspect of living and worshiping. In this essay the following topics will be discussed including gods, goddesses, temples, worshipping and the Lararium.
In addition, within the Works and Days, there is no retribution for those who do not worship the Greek gods. Perhaps this is because the story is only directed at the Greeks themselves; in any case, this is an inherently distinguishing feature. In addition to constructing moral guidelines, the Ten
In the times of Augustus and Nero, myths were used as a powerful tool of propaganda. It was important that they were seen ‘to be a sophisticated user of myth’ (Block 2, p. 150) in order that they could provide the people of Rome with an identity and encourage people to come together in the time of need. Myth provided the Roman government with many opportunities to promote themselves and their ideas by associating themselves with the great gods and characters featured within the legends and traditions of the myth. Further to this, myth provided an important form of communication between the Emperor and the people of Rome. Two of the Emperors that used myth to their own ends were Emperor Nero and Emperor Augustus.
1. Which accounting method best reflects the economic reality? Put another way, which accounting numbers – the GAAP or non-GAAP numbers best reflects economic reality? [10 points]
Despite the fact that the division between men and women was by far the most prominent and obvious division in Greco-Roman society, not every woman enjoyed the same liberties and limitations as her counterparts. This is eloquently illustrated in Apuleius' "The Golden Ass," where gender roles and spatial dynamics interact to significantly influence the lives of the book's female protagonists. This essay compares and contrasts the experiences of two well-known characters, Meroe and Psyche, as they navigate the intricate web of public and private settings. Based on Monica Trumper's paper "Gender and Space, Public and Private" I will demonstrate how Apuleis uses power relations, visibility, and spatial restriction to highlight the disparity between
The beloved tale of Cupid and Psyche takes up a large portion of The Golden Ass, relative to the other anecdotal interludes. Given the central placement, length and style, many readers have questioned its relevance to the overarching story. Is it an artistic interlude providing a reprieve from harsher circumstances, like the long description of Achilles shield in the Iliad, or does it advance the story? While it is tempting to view the tale as an artistic interlude, the Tale of Cupid and Psyche perpetuates the demonization of women in The Golden Ass, draws parallels between Psyche and Lucius, and foreshadows the tragic fate of Charitë.
Receiving the Mckinley Goldbug scholarship would mean the world to me. With my father being incarcerated and my mother on disability, finding the rest of the money for college while providing for a family of 6 is almost impossible. Even with financial aid, the gap left over for my dream school is relatively large. This scholarship won’t only help me achieve my college goal by reducing my financial stress, but it’ll give me an opportunity to take advantage of receiving a well rounded college education. I am looking forward to working up to becoming an art therapist and creating a lifelong career out of it. College, of course, is the next step I need to take to get there. This scholarship will allow me to complete my studies efficiently and allow
Roman gods were known for their outrageous behavior. Ovid’s Metamorphoses satirically portrays the gods during their episodes of bad behavior. In the tale “Apollo and Daphne” Ovid focuses on the despicable nature of the god Apollo as he attempts to capture the nymph Daphne in order to have sex with her. This is especially shocking as Daphne has chosen to remain a virgin for the entirety of her life. Apollo’s lust for Daphne is shown to have terrible effects. She becomes objectified and is stripped of her humanity. The gods played a major role in Roman society, acting as leaders and guides. Ovid’s work shows that the people are putting their trust in the wrong hands. The brash nature of the gods makes them unfit to be worshipped.
Trajan’s policy regarding Christians as quoted in the Apologia follows, “People of this sort should not be hunted down, but, when brought to court, they should be punished." (2, 3)
The successes of mystery religions in the Roman world were greatly influenced by the Roman expansion, especially the conquest of Greece by the Roman Empire where their cultures and traditions were adopted and modified (Perry et al. 2013, p. 122). This was the foremost reason of the initial spread of mystery religions, especially the cult of Hellenised Isis, in Rome. In addition, the political trade involving grains and slaves also played a significant role in the extended reach of the Hellenised cult of Isis among the Romans (Bowden 2010, p. 161). Moreover, the practices of the religion were considered to be appealing to the women and the poor. Gender equality was promoted and the distinct barriers between the different social classes
Many historical and mythological accounts of Graeco-Roman history in the classical period, involved tales of magic, worship of the gods, and emphasised the value society placed on devotion to religion. These societal beliefs and practices became evident in the literature of Greek and Roman societies, where its use, reach, and consequences was illustrated. In the only surviving Roman novel of the 2nd century AD, Apuleius’ Metamorphoses, readers encounter a Greek nobleman, named Lucius, whose insatiable curiosity leads him to explore magic. His over-enthusiasm to intimately experience and learn about magic, accidentally causes his transformation into an ass, causing him to be subjected to a range of vulgar, exploitive, and lustful debaucheries on his path to become human again.
Since the dawn of time, different societies have worshiped gods, believing in their power and being afraid of their fury. People have prayed and made sacrifices in order to achieve the gods' mercy and generosity. They believed that, if the gods are in good mood, they will provide people with good weather conditions for growing crops. People needed explanations for different natural phenomena, such as rain, drought, lightning, thunder and earthquake. So, ancient people believed that these natural phenomena are caused by the gods. A good example of such societies could be ancient Greeks and Romans. Ancient Greeks and Romans existed in the middle ages. This essay will describe main gods and goddesses of ancient Greek