Essay
Economy, Society and the Built Environment
‘Governments use fiscal policy to help them to achieve their macroeconomic objectives’
Explain what is meant by this statement and discuss specific fiscal measures that the UK government has implemented in recent years to influence economic activity in the built environment.
Definitions:
FISCAL POLICY: “A combination of government spending and taxation used to achieve macroeconomic management. (The flow of government money in and out of the treasury.)” (Danny Myers, 2006, pgs 75&126)
MACROECONOMIC OBJECTIVES: “Targets relating to the whole economy, such as employment, price, stability and the balance of payments.” (Danny Myers, 2006, pg128)
The Governments Macroeconomic
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More money is then borrowed as people take advantage of this, which has the effect of boosting the mortgage market as well. According to the Council of Mortgage Lenders (CML), 132,500 house purchase mortgage transactions have benefited from the holiday; this is the equivalent of 25% of the overall 486,400 house purchase loans in the period. Buyers have saved 173 million from the holiday rather than the 600 million the government forecasted. The success is questionable as the incentive was supposedly directed at lower income areas to the North, the Midlands, Wales and Scotland where as, the majority of the benefits have gone to the richer areas in the SE. As this area in particular was hit by the recession the least and where the housing market is the strongest, the governmental loss of the taxation seems to have been wasted. The holiday ended on the 31st December 2009. Although there has been a brief stimulation in the current housing market the number of transactions is still at an all time low. The figures may fall further now that stamp duty has been reinstated, meaning that the government may have to explore other options. AGGREGATES LEVY “The Aggregates levy is a tax on sand, gravel and rock that is dug from the ground or dredged from the sea in UK waters. The tax addresses the environmental damage caused by these business
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The government implements an economic policy mix involving macroeconomic and microeconomic policy in order to achieve their objectives. The three main objectives include:
The fiscal policy is when the government changes its spending level and tax rates to monitor and influence their economy. The government will need to increase tax revenues to fund expenditure by increasing taxation by adjusting the income tax level.
New home sales and inventory have reached trough levels and can only go higher from there. This implies that residential construction will transition from a drag on GDP growth to a modest benefit for the foreseeable future.
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Fiscal policy is defined by which a government adjusts its spending levels and tax rates to monitor and influence a nation 's economy. In the year of 1790 Alexander Hamilton had a vision to repair the United States economy problem he started his
Fiscal policy is often linked with Keynesianism (Michael Smith, Investpedia), which is derived from British economist John Maynard Keynes. Theories of Keynesianism have been used over time as they are popular and specifically applied to assuage economic downturns. The principle behind fiscal policy is influencing the level of aggregate demand in the economy to achieve economic factors of stabilizing the price, full employment and economic growth. Fiscal Policy is a government’s decision regarding spending and taxing. If a government wants to increase or restore growth in the economy, Spending rises. More items are purchased in spite of sticky prices, because of this the firm increases output.
Fiscal policy is budgetary plan such as changes in government spending and taxation to attain a specific economic objective. The discretionary fiscal policy encompasses fine-tuning government spending and taxes with the explicit goal of affecting the economy towards the future full employment of the workforce, increasing growth of the economy, and control of inflation. Examples of discretionary spending:
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The “Great Recession” is commonly used to explain the massive economic contraction that occurred in the United States during the fourth quarter of 2007. However, the actions of the United States spanned to other nations, leaving massive effect on the global economy. One nation that took on serious financial burden during this recession was the United Kingdom. This nation first faced the effects of the Great Recession beginning in the first quarter of 2008. Overall, the initial mass effects on the nation can be attributed to the nation’s reliance on the financial sector. In fact, after partially stabilizing in 2009, the country struggled with a double-dip recession between 2010-12, and continues to struggle with some of these effects.
Fiscal policy is the government use of taxing and spending to meet economic goals. The tools of fiscal policy are taxing and spending, and the United States government controls it.
Since the global financial crisis of 2008, the UK government has been implementing various policies to combat the recession and stimulate economic growth. This essay will look at how effective the fiscal and monetary policies used since the crisis are in achieving the four-macro economic objectives. In addition, I will provide my input on the best way the UK government can carry out these policies.