Over the course of a student’s life under the American education system, they will, without fail, read at least two books by California writer and possible communist, John Steinbeck. The longer, sadder and more proletarian book, Grapes of Wrath, tells the tale of the great migration of Midwestern farmers traveling to California during the 1930s. Grapes of Wrath was not Steinbeck’s first venture into the tragedies that faced migrant farmers once they reached California- he had previously written Starvation Under the Orange Trees in 1938. Steinbeck uses these two works to describe the atrocities that migrants’ faces and place blame on land owners and corporations and declaring the government the saviors of the workers. Opposing Steinbeck’s arguments is Keith Windschuttle, who uses his article, Myth of the Oakies, to claim that Steinbeck is over exaggerating nearly everything in Grapes of Wrath, from the amount of migrants that moved to California to the reality that faced the migrants in California, and that Grapes of Wrath is actually a novel praising communism. Steinbeck argues that landowners and corporations are the reason behind the hardships that the migrants face in California. “The more fellas he can get, an’ the hungrier, less he’s gonna pay” (190). The speaker in the quote is returning from California and is blaming the wages, which are lowered by the large land owners greedy for money, for the deaths of his children and wife. An intercalary chapter explains how the
During the early 20th century, the United States was going through various changes in a short period of time that molded into this modern America we know today. The United States was swept away by an economic boom in the 1920's that was filled with promises of abundance and prosperity. The mass-production and mass-consumption flourished during this time and as a result, the United States went through a process known as Urbanization . However, this economic growth came to an end in 1929 when the stock market crashed, resulting in billions of dollars to evaporate. This led to the infamous Great Depression. The 1930's was a challenging time in American history. Not only was America going through this economic crisis but the 1930's was also met with one of the worst environmental disaster in the Central Plain known as the Dust Bowl . Large numbers of Americans had to evacuate and many of these of refugees moved to California to look for work. The book The Harvest Gypsies: On the Road to the Grapes of Wrath, written by John Steinbeck, illuminates on the social injustices and the struggles many of these refugees had to face in western agriculture. He provides detailed articles of descriptions of the workers daily lives which he observed personally and argues that migrant workers are American citizens who deserve equal treatment and rights just like any other natural born citizen and discusses various ways to end the migrants' poverty and suffering.
Migrants’ ability to keep moving forward, despite countless hardships both mentally and physically, is the theme most strongly communicated in The Grapes of Wrath; through Steinbeck’s display of both small and large scale problems, and the use of symbolism, he tells a relatable story that is all about moving forward; while it has changed form significantly in some ways, examples of this ability still exist today and can be seen by looking at the stories of many American families struggling to survive. The entire book is a compilation of examples of this ability of moving forward, and it can be seen throughout nearly every moment in The Grapes of Wrath. The Joads and the other migrants they represent face not only internal challenges, but external
In The Grapes of Wrath, Steinbeck effectively uses the rhetorical strategy of pathos to illuminate the dehumanization of migrant workers during the Great Depression. His story revolves around the Joad family, as they travel from Oklahoma to California in search of work. Steinbeck appeals to the reader’s empathy
The Grapes of Wrath, written by John Steinbeck, is considered by many to be the hallmark of American literature. It covers the journey of the Joad family as they stick together through one of the harshest eras in American history, the Great Depression. The structure of the Joad’s narrative is interspersed by smaller, highly descriptive interchapters, which sets the novel apart from other classics in its ability to make the reader understand and relate to the Joads and everything they went through. The detailed, impactful vignettes foreshadow problems the Joads have to overcome and the overview descriptions in the vignettes contrast with the specificities of the Joad’s story. They contain Biblical allusions, colorful descriptions, and objects that can interact with the main characters later in the narrative. Through the use of imagery and diction, the vignettes make Steinbeck’s message more impactful and meaningful.
Steinbeck provides this anecdote in order to foreshadow events in future chapters. In this chapter, Steinbeck describes a situation in which a group of people in Akron, Ohio formed a union and revolted against the authorities. While Steinbeck demonstrates the migrant workers as innocent people looking for peaceful solutions to their
In the late 1930 unemployment rates were dropping at exponential rates, people were traveling west looking for jobs, hoping to gain even the smallest amounts of money. They were struggling to survive, fighting for jobs and living in horrible conditions. The Dust Bowl had wiped out most of their homes and many were desperate, people referred to them as migrant workers. The story Of Mice and Men revolves around the adventure of two migrant workers, George and Lennie. The book begins with a scene of nature, calm and beautiful yet cruel and complex. Much like nature, John Steinbeck's book tells the dark side of our nation and it’s people. Because of this, Steinbeck's book is still valuable to teach students. His simple yet complex story characterizes
Steinbeck and Thoreau both recognize the responsibility the citizen has in influencing the government to create the society he or she wants to live in. Far too often, this duty is neglected because of how vulnerable one man can seem against the government. In The Grapes of Wrath, the migrant workers are constantly being taken advantage of while they struggle to remember their roots. They can only find solace in each other as they learn the “technique of building worlds” within their communities because it is the only way they can survive (Steinbeck 131). The solidarity that these migrant workers possess is the spirit of Steinbeck’s philosophy on how much impact citizens have. If just one man can realize the potential within himself, this spark will spread until there is a movement. Steinbeck underscores how crucial the role of the individual in creating a better society through displaying the close relations between these migrant workers. It goes to display the victory
This was the largest wave of migration domestically. The migrants were forced to work for low wages and in “abysmal conditions”, for they had no other choice.4 These migrant workers settled along rivers in “squatters camps” which were “located all over California”.5 Most migrant workers who lived in these camps were Chinese , Filipinos, Japanese, and Mexicans, “ostracized and segregated” groups.6 John Steinbeck found it easy to empathize with the migrant workers because he spent a considerable amount of time with the migrant workers and wanted people to understand the unfortunate future they
A few years later, Steinbeck returned to California to write “Grapes of Wrath” and to further research the flawed California labor. “He was not, however, merely researching materials for his next book, but passionately involved in the suffering and injustice” (Lisca 16). His fervor for the migrant cause almost lead him to abandon his recent writing and revise “Of Mice and Men” and sell it so he could donate to money to the migrant workers.
John Steinbeck wrote about what surrounded him. At the time he was writing, the nineteen-thirties, a great depression was plaguing the United States. Many people were out of work. Many farmers were losing their farms and homes. An extreme drought had also wrecked the farms of the Midwest and made them into what is now referred to as the "dust bowl". It was a terrible time to be poor, and most were. People died of malnutrition every day. In California, where Steinbeck resided, migrant workers dominated the workforce. Thousands traveled from all around to pick fruit in the farms of the Salinas Valley for minuscule wages. Thousands more could not find suitable
The Grapes Of Wrath introduces many real life topics, and difficulties relevant to the people in the 1930s and some still relevant to today. Throughout the book topics like migration, corporate profit, and even environmental impacts of human choices are all present in the book. Steinbeck is shown to makes many claims about each of these topics, but the topic that stands out the most are the issues with the criminal justice system. Steinbeck believes that the police and the criminal justice system are corrupt and generally police have a tendency to abuse their authority against poor people and migrants.
Characters in The Grapes of Wrath are often contrasted to emphasize certain qualities in their relationships, the most notable being a lack of empathy versus a caring and generous nature. Steinbeck’s use of juxtaposition is key to understanding the significance of the contrast involving the landowners and the migrants and why they cannot share sympathies and opinions. These two groups are both rivals and continuously reinforce differences in their lifestyles, and such is the case for the landowners and migrants, which are two drastically different classes that will not cooperate. The migrants are searching for job opportunities and safe places, but are often cheated by the landowners, who are corrupted by their drive for cheap labor and, ultimately, riches,
The unconventionally written intercalary chapters of Steinbeck's novel, “The Grapes of Wrath”, are designed to show the readers a view of economic depression and social aspects of America during this time period. Steinbeck tells the reader about the situation through a macroscopic point of view, when he writes the intercalary chapters. It is through these intercalary chapters that Steinbeck tells us about the struggle of many migrant farmers who are pushed out of their homes and start to live their lives on the road, while trying to find places for them to work. Between each of these intercalary chapters are narrative chapters where Steinbeck gives the readers a microscopic view of the situation, by giving us an example of one of the migrant
Steinbeck utilizes the novel as a form of social protest by enunciating the brutal and inhumane way the wealthier class treat the migrant workers. For instance, in order to not loose any profit from the fields, the affluent bankers decide to forcefully drive the families off the fields using tractors to “bite into the house corner, crumble the wall, wrench the little houses from its foundation”(39). However, the working class does not have the opportunity to refuse this decision because of the desperate
John Steinbeck’s novel, The Grapes of Wrath, takes place during the Great Depression, a time when troubled and distressed American men and women lived; a time of poverty and an economic crisis. When change is thought upon, it is to be thought of new life and new experiences. The Great Depression is the kind of change that replaces a part of American living with “ Somepin’s happening. I went up an’ I looked, an’ the houses is all empty, an’ the lan’ is empty, an’ this whole country is empty” ( Steinbeck 94). In his work, Steinbeck presents the hardships that Americans had to go through by being mindful of particular aspects which makes the reader understand the characters’ distress. For example, the landscape of the farm lands. Even though the land has its brutality, it grows to be the scenery for humans to be able to recognize and consider their troubles about work and life in general. With these concerns, there are differences between the people who are accustomed to the landscape and admire it, and those who do not agree with it. In the novel, Steinbeck uses attributes of class conflict and injustice as a way of presenting and socially commenting that the Great Depression brought attention to more problems beyond the idea of poverty.