Grave's Disease: A Case Study

Graves’ disease was named after Robert J. Graves, MD, around the 1830’s. It is an autoimmune disease indicated by hyperthyroidism due to circulating autoantibodies, which is an antibody that attacks the person’s own body. The immune system attacks the thyroid gland, which causes it to produce too much thyroxine. Thyroxine is a hormone that helps control growth and also regulates metabolism in the body. While the thyroxine levels are high the patient’s metabolic rate increases, which can have an effect on their physical appearance as well as their frame of mind. Graves’ disease is the number one cause of hyperthyroidism in the U.S.

My patient is a 30-year-old mother of two who presented with symptoms of fatigue, cold intolerance, and tearfulness. She was later diagnosed with Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis six months after the birth of her second child. With the addition of a thyroid hormone, prescribed by her doctor, the patient is doing well and living an active life with her husband and two children.

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis has a higher prevalence in women, frequency increases with age, and it is hereditary, commonly occurring in people and their family members with other autoimmune diseases, specifically Graves’ disease (Garber et al., 2012). It is caused by autoimmune-mediated destruction of the thyroid gland, and is characterized by gradual thyroid failure, goiter development, or both (Davies, 2012). The following presentation is a case study for Hashimoto’s

In general, if medication is required, the lowest dose possible should be used and combination drug therapies and first trimester exposures should be avoided (“Teratogens/Prenatal”, 2008).

Graves’ disease is autoimmune that effects the thyroid in front of the neck. This thyroid creates T3 and T4 which helps regulate how the body uses energy. We have a small gland called pituitary in the brain that helps the thyroid regulate the hormone level properly. With grave’s disease the immune system creates antibodies that act like TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) which than makes the thyroid to create more hormones than what the body needs to have. This is called hyperthyroidism. Graves’ disease causes the body to speed up such as the heart and the metabolism. The symptoms for graves’ disease are goiter (enlarged gland) Anxiety and irritability, A fine tremor of your hands or fingers, Heat sensitivity and an increase in perspiration

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disease in which the over activity of the thyroid gland causes the overproduction of the thyroid hormone. This disease was described by Robert J. Graves a doctor from Ireland and is also known as Basedow’s disease. Even though there are several disorders that may result in hypothyroidism, grave disease is one of the most common type of hypothyroidism that occurs in 1 percent of U. S population (Anderson 2010). Furthermore, Grave disease is a disease that can affect anyone, but is more common amongst females before age 40. Concerning, grave disease will attack the immune system making antibodies that will cause the thyroid to enlarge and produce more than the amount of thyroid hormone that your body will need. These hormones that cause the thyroid to enlarge are called thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins. Thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins are antibodies that tells the thyroid gland to become more active and release excess amounts of thyroid hormone into the blood (U.S. National library of medicine).

Hyperthyroidism (too much hormone) may result Grave's disease. Symptoms include anxiety, rapid heart rate, diarrhea and weight loss, nervousness, anxiety, and irritability.

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disease that was discovered by Robert Graves in 1835. Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system attacks the thyroid gland and causes hyperthyroidism. Graves’ disease occurs when the antibodies like thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin and thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRAbs) attack the thyroid gland as if it were a foreign object or a virus of some sort. This disease is the most common type of hyperthyroidism. Attacking

During my sophomore year of high school, I was diagnosed by a naturopathic doctor with Grave's Disease, which is a thyroid condition. I felt that it was the end of the world being diagnosed with a thyroid condition. Though I learned that I could manage and live with it, but the good news was I did not have to have my thyroid surgically removed. I was shocked by the blood draw results that I have Grave's Disease and I thought it was a mistake, but it was not a mistake. It was upsetting for me to take in and by having this disease; it also meant that I had to eliminate all gluten from my diet. I had to take six to nine natural thyroid supplement capsules during the day and at night. I also was diagnosed as dairy intolerant. There was a part

Hyperhemesis gravidarum is a condition in which the pregnant woman experiences severe nausea and vomiting. Although the causes of hyperemesis gravidarum are not well known; however, many believe that elevated blood level of human chorionic gonadotopin (HCG) may be a contributing factor of this condition. Currently the cause of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy is unknown, although there is strong evidence linking human chorionic gonadotropin or estrogens as well as genetic susceptibility possibly mediated through the vestibuloocular reflex pathway (Fejzo et al., 2012). The following case scenario refers to a 22 weeks pregnant woman admitted to the labor and delivery unit with severe nausea

The course of pregnancy is both very rewarding and challenging. The end result is a beautiful creation and enjoinment of two people. The fragile aspect of newborn life is not the first time a mother faces protecting the child. The beginning of a successful foundation for life starts the second a women becomes pregnant. Prenatally, many different toxins can create issues surrounding the physical and mental development of a baby. Some of the toxins are very obvious, where many fly under the radar. The toxins a pregnant woman takes in may cause issues with the development of a child. Awareness about the possibility of teratogens causing development issues is needed to ensure a safe, normal, and sociable future for the children. When

Thyroid levels can change during pregnancy and lactation, even with mothers who never had thyroid irregularities before.

Regarding the chronic HTN, we did have a discussion with her and how this can affect the pregnancy. We did perform impedance cardiography. Her BP when she arrived was upper-normal at 132/84 but on the impedance cardiography it was normal at 117/78. Her heart rate when she arrived was 99 and for the test was 91. Impedance cardiography demonstrated that her cardiac output was normal at this time for her gestational age at about 5 ½ L/min. In addition, the TPR was normal at about 1300. Therefore, labetalol is a good choice. She states that in the late afternoon early evening she feels that her BP is going up and labetalol is better as a twice a day medication. Therefore, based on the fact that she is on a low-dose and her BP when she arrived was upper-normal we recommended that she take 100 mg b.i.d. In addition, based on the current

• The body’s immune response causes problems • The mother has serious systemic diseases • Smoking • Risk factors: o Over 30 years old o History of miscarriages 3.

The patient can be effect with Goiter, Thyroiditis, Hyperthyroidism, Graves disease, Thyroid nodule, Thyroid storm and thyroid cancer. These can effects patient’s metabolism and cause nervousness, restlessness, emotional liability, fast speech, tachycardia, arrhythmias, dyspnea, hoarseness, signs of tracheal or esophageal compressions, swallowing and breathing problem, increase of total cholesterol level, slowed mental functioning, pain, numbness and tingling by the area of nerve damage and in