Guilty Betrayal in Arthur Koestler's Darkness at Noon
Arthur Koestler's Darkness at Noon depicts the fallacious logic of a totalitarian regime through the experiences of Nicolas Salmanovitch Rubashov. Rubashov had fought in the revolution and was once part of the Central Committee of the Party, but he is arrested on charges of instigating attempted assassinations of No. 1, and for taking part in oppositional, counter-revolutionary activities, and is sent to a Soviet prison. Rubashov, in his idle pacing throughout his cell, recollects his past with the Party. He begins to feel impulses of guilt, most especially in those moments he was required to expel devoted revolutionaries from the Party, sending them to their death. These
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It is not until after he has spent some time in his cell pondering the grammatical fiction that he associates his toothache with these guilty dealings of his past. After reminiscing of his meeting with Richard, Rubashov dreams that "Richard and the old taxi-driver [are] pursuing him, because they felt themselves cheated and betrayed by him. I will pay my fare, he [thinks] with an awkward smile" (42). Rubashov does indeed betray Richard's trust and faith in the Party by expelling him. For the taxi driver, Rubashov is guilty of letting him believe in the virtue of the Party, along with a supposed friendship with Richard. Rubashov has silently affirmed the necessity of his expulsion of Richard. He does not consciously associate this dream with guilt, and thus he inadvertently feels as though he must pay. Immediately following this thought of payment, Rubashov burns out the cigarette on his hand as a form of self-absolution. The toothache and thought of payment constantly pervade his subconscious mind until Rubashov eventually identifies them as the concept of guilt.
The gradual realization of his guilt in his history with the Party coincides with the gradual realization of his individuality, which he articulates as the grammatical fiction. The grammatical fiction is so christened due to its emphasis on the use of the first person singular, a concept shunned by the Party. After some time spent in his prison
Night, by Elie Wiesel, expands on the idea that people in power can carry out countless demeaning and cruel acts, while everyone else stays silent about the oppression and mistreatment witnessed. When Wiesel arrives at Buna, he experiences unfair punishments without a cause. His Kapo, Idek demonstrates the abuse of power during a fit of rage, and “he [leaps] on [Wiesel], like a wild animal, hitting [him] in the chest, on the head, throwing [him] down and pulling [him] up again, his blows growing more and more violent, until [Wiesel] was covered
Authors often use their works as a way to express their own opinions and ideologies. However, it is the skill of the author that determines whether these ideas are combined with the plot seamlessly, making a creative transition of ideas from the author’s mind, to the reader’s. There is no doubt that George Orwell is a masterful writer, and one of his most popular works, 1984, clearly expresses his negative views of the Totalitarian government. A common theme in the dystopian society in 1984 is betrayal: The Party is very intolerant towards any form of disloyalty, and anyone who plots against them or Big Brother will eventually either betray their own mind and accept Big Brother as their leader, or be betrayed and revealed to The Party by
The Matrix, written and directed by Lary and Andy Wachowski, is a 1999 science-fiction action film that has been regarded as one of the most igneous and highly imaginative films of all time. It depicts the complex story of a dystopian future in which the reality perceived by most human beings is actually a simulated one created by AI machines who use the suppressed humans as energy sources. Though the main characters of the story have freed themselves from the matrix, one character named Cypher (a.k.a. Mr. Reagan) regrets learning the truth and wants to return back to the dream world. Cypher is an example of antagonist Agent Smith's belief that "as a species, human beings define their reality through misery and suffering" as he believes
Darkness at Noon, written by British novelist Arthur Koestler in 1940, is a criticism of Stalinism and the methods used by the Communist Party in the USSR. The novel was set in 1938 during the Stalinist Great Purge and Moscow show trials. Even though the story depicts actual occurrences, it does not specifically name either Russia or the USSR, but the characters do have Russian names while other generic terms are used to depict individuals and associations. For instance, the Soviet government is alluded to as "the Party" and Nazi Germany is alluded to as "the Dictatorship." Joseph Stalin, a terrorizing dictator, is represented by "Number One." The novel is a strong and moving picture of a Communist revolutionary caught up in the terror
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The novel Night sincerely bring to attention the power society has over humanity and what is seen as wrong and right. The powerful events of the holocaust have a deeply emotional impact, along with the important message of the world and its hidden horrors within. Society makes a habit of keeping its inhabitants in the dark; therefore, todays world may be just as corrupt as Hitlers, it just hasn't realized it
The Russian Revolution and the purges of Leninist and Stalinist Russia have spawned a literary output that is as diverse as it is voluminous. Darkness at Noon, a novel detailing the infamous Moscow Show Trials, conducted during the reign of Joseph Stalin is Arthur Koestler’s commentary upon the event that was yet another attempt by Stalin to silence his critics. In the novel, Koestler expounds upon Marxism, and the reason why a movement that had as its aim the “regeneration of mankind, should issue in its enslavement” and how, in spite of its drawbacks, it still held an appeal for intellectuals. It is for this reason that Koestler may have attempted “not to solve but to expose” the shortcomings of this political system and by doing so
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Many of Man's struggles are usually the result of societal standards, control, and punishment. These struggles are present in both One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich by Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn and Crime & Punishment by Fyodor Dostoevsky. Through setting and internal monologue, both authors depict the effects of the brutalities of communism on Man's spirituality.
The accusations against him, brought by Briony Tallis, held him responsible for the violation of her cousin Lola. Robbie reflects on this, as Briony plans to refute her statement to the police, “The intricacies were lost to him, the urgency had died. Briony would change her evidence, she would rewrite the past so that the guilty became the innocent. But what was guilt these days? It was cheap. Everyone was guilty, and no one was. No one would be redeemed by a change of evidence, for there weren’t enough people… to…gather in the facts.” (188) Robbie’s loss of security and his future took away the childlike carefreeness he displayed before the accusation. Briony’s conscience weighs heavily on her as she moves from a naïve implication to the realization of the consequences.
Geoffrey Chaucer's "The Pardoner's Tale," a relatively straightforward satirical and anti-capitalist view of the church, contrasts motifs of sin with the salvational properties of religion to draw out the complex self-loathing of the emasculated Pardoner. In particular, Chaucer concentrates on the Pardoner's references to the evils of alcohol, gambling, blasphemy, and money, which aim not only to condemn his listeners and unbuckle their purses, but to elicit their wrath and expose his eunuchism.
J.M Coetzee is a distinguished author who has written over sixteen novels and has even won a nobel prize for his inspiring work. Coetzee is best known for his controversial novel Disgrace. A story that captivates its readers and keeps them on their toes. The setting takes place in South Africa during the post apartheid era. A time where people were divided into races and whites held power over the minority. The protagonist David Lurie is a college professor who lives a promiscuous double life. Sleeps with different women, but never feels nothing more than a physical connection towards them. David finally gets the sparks he’s been waiting for after he begins a sexual relationship with one of his students. The relationship between David and the student quickly expires after her boyfriend finds out, as a result; the student has no choice but to report her teacher for sexual harassment. After David is reported, he tries to plea for forgiveness at an school council meeting. The board decides to fire David for inappropriate conduct and forces him to flea the country. He finds refuge with his daughter Lucy who has been living on a farm by herself. David see’s this downfall as an opportunity to mend a broken relationship, but things only get worse when rapists break in their home and impregnate Lucy. David sustains serious injuries as an result of the attack, and the relationship between the father and daughter is salvaged. The plot thickens when Lucy decides to keep the child and
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