Under a modern lens, the distinctions between clean and unclean animals in Leviticus 11 are recorded to ensure the health and sanitation of Bible readers, and are indicative of cautionary ancient dietary practices. This is reflected strongly in Naphtali Meshel’s article in The Princeton Theological Review, “Food for Thought: Systems of Categorization in Leviticus 11.” Here, Meshel examines the rationale behind the choosing of clean and unclean animals. He states that “The status of a species as permitted or prohibited for consumption follows from its natural status as ‘pure’ or ‘impure,’” implying that creatures were marked in Leviticus based first on their natural traits. Pure animals, according to Meshel, were those who caused …show more content…
Much of Clarke’s belief in the distinction between clean and unclean animals centers around “nutriment.” Clarke believes that God’s intent was to endow his chosen people with the knowledge of the best creatures to eat. Creatures who ate wholesome food themselves, and digested well, providing good meat, were deemed clean. This ensured that the Jews would remain healthy and well nourished, fulfilling their promised health as God’s chosen people.
Personal Statement
I selected this passage as it seemed to provide insight into epidemiology and nutrition as viewed in the ancient world. My understanding of the book was that it outlined clean and unclean animals so as to prevent Jews from being exposed to infectious disease or harmful creatures. The concept of a God becoming involved in activities so daily and mundane as eating interested me greatly. I assumed that given the length and descriptiveness of the laws, there was extreme weight placed on the content of the chapter. As I continued to read, I was greatly intrigued by the specific animals chosen to be clean, and the process by which Jews needed to purify themselves. Animals which we know today to be carriers of diseases were deemed by the chapter to be clean, and some animals eaten by many today were deemed unclean. I wondered, then, if there was another underlying basis for the distinction of these animals, and so sought both modern and traditional interpretations of the text.
The traditional and modern
Origen describes how Moses decrees that a goat-stag is the perfectly pure sacrifice animal (400), and that griffins should not be consumed (400). These creatures do not exist, but still they are mentioned in the text. This, therefore, takes upon layers of spiritual interpretation, wherein the goat-stag could be seen as a reference to the holiness of God’s creatures, even those that might appear abominable; while the griffin stands as a reminder that life contains things that have yet to be encountered, but still must be respected. Within the Origen perspective, Scripture always contains meaning, with some pieces of Scripture containing more layers of meaning than others. Origen proposes that in order to live and worship properly, these meanings must be discovered and interpreted fully, unlocking God’s true message and
He mentions that his own tribe practiced animal sacrifice and circumcision(Equiano 19). This alludes the ancient Hebrews who practiced animal sacrifice and circumcision. By mentioning this, Equiano suggests that his tribe is one of the lost tribes of Israel. The inclusion of this possibility humanizes and legitimises Equiano’s people to combat the notion that Africans are animalist savages. A true Christian would never dare call any of the twelve tribes undomesticated barbarians or discredit their ideas based on their race or ethnicity. This idea also illustrates Equiano’s knowledge of the
The Bible explains that God had warned Eve and Adam not to eat from the
The author divided the book into seven chapters, each building upon one another; The Life of the world, The Eucharist, The Time of Mission, Of Water and the Spirit, The Mystery of Love, Trampling Down death by death, and Ye Are Witnesses of These Things. Moreover, two Appendices follow the chapters: Worship in a Secular Age and Sacraments and Symbol. In particular, Fr. Schmemann opens by converging on the ostensibly minor theme of nourishment, even quoting famed philosopher Ludwig Feuerbach’s phrase. “Man is what he eats.” Anti-religious groups attempt to portray
In Eating Animals, Jonathan Foer, the author , positions different anecdotes throughout his discussion. As a child, Foer is told a narrative from his grandmother about the hardships she experiences during the war. While sharing her experiences, Foer’s grandmother demonstrates how one’s ethical choices affect what they will consume. This narrative in the chapter, “Storytelling” is parallel to the narrative in the chapter, “Slices of Paradise/Pieces of Shit” since they both involve people who refuse food due to their ethics. In the second narrative Foer, as an adult, get to experience the horrors of a slaughterhouse through the tour he’s given by Mario- worker in one of the better slaughterhouses. At the end of this tour Mario offers Foer a slice of pork, however, he refuses to eat the food because he’s ‘kosher’. Foer uses this excuse because his grandmother’s refusal to eat pork taught him that what you eat can involve ethical choices. Ethical values develop through narratives shared from person to person.
Sprinkle, Joe M. "The Rationale of the Laws of Clean and Unclean in the Old Testament." Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 43.4 (2000): 637-657. ProQuest. Web. 6 Oct. 2011.
Founded in 1960 in Kendall, Florida, Baptist Health Inc. continues to provide hundreds of different treatment options for their patients. Rev. Dr. C. Roy Angell, a long
In these lines, as he is naming the creatures presented before him, he follows a line of classification that groups animals with similar features together into a class. The lines of the Scripture convey the idea that Adam observed livestock as creatures that could be domesticated and made use of to make life easier for man and to make the Earth habitable and comfortable for him. He observed the tame nature of these creatures and classified them separately. Similarly, he observed the wild and savage nature of the wild animals and realized that these posed a danger because of their sharp claws, powerful bodies and sharp teeth. Therefore, he classified them separately as wild animals. Finally, Adam observed the creatures that possessed wings that enabled
The excerpt from the book, The Jungle, was about how the meat industry back then was ruckus and how unsanitary the factories would be. The goal that the excerpt was trying to cross about was that food industry did not care about the consumer’s health since they did not treat their meat or other products very sanitary. This excerpt includes details from Jonas who says when their meat tasted sour they would soak it with soda to make the taste better. The excerpt from the book, Fast Food Nation, was about how the slaughter houses were very unhygienic and not very clean. The goal of the excerpt was to expose how even the world’s largest slaughter houses are not insalubrious and unclean. This excerpt includes details from when
This article mainly focuses on the reasoning why the Jews abhor pork and the inability of Romans to understand the Jewish practices and regard the Jews actions as “peculiar behavior.” In "Why Do You Refuse to Eat Pork", the first half of the article focuses on the Roman's point of view on pork in opposition to the Jews. Roman satirists make fun of the Jews for not consuming pork. The Romans portray pigs as extremely prominent and they were one of the four most commonly sacrificed animals. This adds to the reason why the Romans could not fathom the practices of the Jews. While Roman texts either casually note or mock the Jewish pork taboo, only Jewish sources describe explicit interactions with particular Jews and/or the pig into a metonym.
Within the battle of opposing opinions about living a carnivorous lifestyle, there’s the underlying battle of judgment in human nature. We, as humans, have the conscious ability to choose a moral right or wrong. According to Scruton, “it is the residue of religion in us all,” that determines what is moral right and wrong (A carnivore’s Credo 259). This causes the essay to become applicable to every area of life where some moral controversy is present. There is no black and white anymore. The argument is not about what Scruton calls eating versus feeding or whether it's virtuous or vicious. There is a definite gray area. This calls for people to reconsider every action before it is even made. There is no need to “abandon habits” when they can simply be “remoralized” (A Carnivore’s Credo 264). In this example of carnivore vs vegetarian, neither one is more correct than the other. There merely is now an open discussion about what is truly moral.
Genesis 1-3 offered the very first outline of societal norms and therein introduced interpretations of norms related to family, gender, and sex. In our now-progressive society, the constraints of indubitable religion are removed and the differing interpretations of gender, sex, and family within religion are freely debated. Since the text of creation is divine and human logic cannot fully interpret or understand God’s word, there are copious, varying interpretations of the text. An essential starting point for interpreting the Bible is the understanding that misinterpretations are bound to happen. The difference in time and context alone is causation, let alone the factors of translation and transcription. Susan T. Foh and Carol Meyers, both graduates of Wellesley College, have very differing strategies regarding how to interpret divine texts. Meyers, a professor at Duke, directed attention towards the context in which the text was written. Since our societies are constantly in flux, the context from when the text was written is often different from the context in which predominant and accepted interpretations were fabricated. Foh’s strategy of interpreting and understanding the text is to utilize latter parts of the text, which were written with more recent contexts, in order to understand the text. Both of these methodologies set up the text to be re-interpreted, however, Foh’s methodology is more complete because it allows the text to speak for itself rather than bring in
From a religious aspect, God also puts the fear of man into the animals and again animals are used to fill the needs of men (Genesis 9:1).
Christopher McCandless, a young American who was found dead in summer of 1992 in wild land in Alaska, wrote in his diary about his moral struggle regarding killing a moose for survival. According to Jon Krakauer’s Into the Wild, Chris had to abandon most of the meat since he lacked the knowledge of how to dismantle and preserve it (166-168). Not only did he have a moral dilemma to kill a moose, but also had a deep regret that a life he had taken was wasted because of his own fault. He then started recognizing what he ate as a precious gift from the nature and called it “Holy Food” (Krakauer 168). Exploring relationships between human beings and other animals arouses many difficult questions: Which animals are humans allowed to eat and
Leviticus 16 starts off with the dress of the High Priest and the animals needed for the ceremony. The High