Higher plants contain many phytochemical constituents that are known to be biologically active compounds. These secondary metabolites not only play a pivotal role in plants producing them, but also affect their neighboring plant communities. Therefore, one of the mysteries in plant-plant interaction is the plant behavior in response to these various secondary metabolites. Several studies heavily discussed the impact of phyto-allelochemicals upon different crop plants including faba bean and maize (El-Darier, 2002; Madany and Saleh, 2015; Salama and Rabiah, 2015). However, to date, the influence of fenugreek upon these plants is unaddressed. Our results elucidate the effect of fenugreek seed extract on the growth and some physiological …show more content…
In a previous work, we found that faba bean seeds primed with 1.0mM coumarin showed a marked improvement in the length of both plumule and radical as well as their fresh and dry weights of faba bean seedlings and this could be attributed to the elevated levels of endogenous phyto-hormones (IAA, GA3, and ABA) (Saleh et al., 2014). Also tomato plants treated with salicylic acid exhibited a significant improvement in their dry weights (AL-Wakeel et al., 2012). SA as a spray solution to the shoots of soybean significantly increase the growth of the shoots and roots under greenhouse or field conditions (Li et al., 2014).
4.3. Chlorophyll
Chlorophyll is a biologically important pigment that is used for the photosynthetic conversion of inorganic molecules or ions into organic bio-molecules. Therefore, photosynthesis is one of the most crucial indicators of physiological activities in higher plants. Thus, the change of total chlorophylls content may affect carbon fixation and carbohydrate status by impairing the plant’s photosynthetic capacity. reported that Orobanche ramosa strongly reduced the biomass and yield of the host plant not only by acting as a competing sink for assimilate, but also by compromising the efficiency of carbon assimilation via a reduction in leaf chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate. The different levels of fenugreek seed extract improve the levels of chlorophyll a and b as well as carotenoids
The use of too much fertilizers, and in particular, of fertilizers with high concentrations of nitrogen, has been linked to reduced biodiversity (Xiankai et al. 2010). It becomes necessary to consider the detrimental effects of high concentrations of fertilizer in the reduced spaces. Fertilizers are salts, and therefore high concentrations of fertilizers can deplete the plant from water.
The purpose of this lab was to investigate and observe the effects of organic vs. synthetic fertilizers on plant growth by planting lima beans with added amounts of fertilizers, and to see how does adding different nutrients to the soil affect the growth of the lima bean? A significant difference was examined between the plants that contained manure and miracle growth, unfortunately the plant with no additional fertilizers (Plant #3) did not show any growth. The plant that grew the most was the one that contained manure, to an extent the one that grew the most in a short period of time was the one that contained miracle growth, as shown in figure I. The hypothesis explaining if the Lima Bean plant contains synthetic nutrients in the soil then
While experimenting with the green beans, the seeds exposed to the organic plant food germinated within five days of the experiment and the seeds exposed to the chemical plant food germinated within six. The seeds that acted as the control had been expected to grow the least, however, it was surprising that they did not grow at all. Both the chemical and organic fertilizers proved to have positive results on the plants. It was also unexpected when the seeds exposed to the chemical plant food surpassed the height of the other experimental seeds after being shorter. The predicted reason for the increase in growth with seeds given Miracle Grow was because chemical fertilizers automatically store up the nutrients and disperse it constantly throughout
In this lab, four different types of leaves were tested to see the rate at which each leaf photosynthesized. This lab demonstrates how plants store light, capture light, and use light as energy for reproduction and growth, by photosynthesis. The control in this experiment was spinach, which was tested before any of the other plants were. The other plants that were tested were English Ivy, C4 Plant, and a multicolored plant. Each type of leaf was tested in a sodium bicarbonate solution and a solution of distilled water. It will be shown in the discussion whether the hypothesis made was correct or incorrect. It will be shown in the discussion what could have
War, A., Paulraj, M., Ahmad, T., Buhroo, A., Hussain, B., Ignacimuthu, S. and Sharma, H. (2012). Mechanisms of plant defense against insect herbivores. [online] NCBI. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3493419/ [Accessed 10 Mar.
A bar graph representing how much photosynthesis three separate Elodea plants were able to perform under three different light treatments, normal, red and green light. The light treatments enhanced certain wavelengths of light which, due to the absorption spectrum of chlorophylls a and b and carotenoid pigments, altered the amount of photosynthesis a plant was able to perform in a certain amount of time. Each Elodea plant was subjected to a different light treatment, one to normal light, another to red and the third to green light while in a test tube of water for a total of two hours. Photosynthetic processes were observed by means of water displacement in the pipette attached to the test tube and were measured in millilitres. The mass of
If we let the courtrooms be televised to the public, they will start to lose faith in the court system if they do not like what they see. Citizens who watch the programs are most likely going to have a bias and will desire a final judgement that will go one way more than the other. A judge’s or jury’s verdict might cause mass hysteria which can have negative effects to a jury member’s personal life and the reputation of the justice done in Canada. The country will ridicule the judge even though they do not understand the law fully themselves and criticize the jury for unanimously voting for someone to be guilty or not guilty when the viewers want a differing response. The jury do not know everything going on outside of the court and what the media is saying therefore the nation might have an opposing opinion to them. Their faces will be plastered on television for anyone to see and for anyone to judge them. This will stress out an already uncomfortable jury. Alternatively, another result could be the jury being swayed by the public to select a certain decision instead of their own. As a
The purpose of this experiment was to test how the variation of pH values affects the germination of a genetically enhanced seed. The experiment was conducted by using three different liquids: vinegar, baking soda + vinegar, and water. Seeds were placed in petri dishes containing the liquid and the growth was measured (mm) weekly with a ruler. Trends include the large amount of growth from the H2O seeds and little to no growth from the vinegar seeds. Uncertainty stemmed from the change in weather and the ruler.
Abstract: During photosynthesis plants take light energy and turn it into chemical energy. The purpose of the study was to test the effect of various lighting conditions on the rate of photosynthesis. In this experiment the rate of photosynthesis is measured by timing how long it takes photosynthesis to occur in ten leaf disks that are in a solution of carbon dioxide. The prediction for this experiment was that if a plant receives more light, then it will have a higher rate of photosynthesis. The data supports the hypothesis, because the rate of photosynthesis is higher in direct sunlight than in the shade. This experiment untimely lead to the conclusions that light and carbon dioxide are necessary for photosynthesis to occur.
In this practical, six bags containing twelve histrix cactus seeds each were taken and another six bags containing twelve rocket salad seeds in each bag. Each bag was experimented with different concentrations of gibberellic acid to see how fast each would grow. Gibberellic Acid is an organic
Different types of organisms behave differently in their environments. They may flourish and grow well close together, or they may compete over resources. One plant may even stunt the growth of another plant by stealing all of the water and nutrients. This is known as an allelopathic effect. There are various different types of plants that have this effect on other plants.
Our Allelopathic plant “Black Walnut” produces a chemical called Juglone. When Juglone is exposed to air or soil it is oxidized as an allelochemical that is very toxic, However Juglone can be beneficial to plants surrounding the black Walnut tree. Black Walnut Allelopathy can restrain germination of plants, therefore it is important to plant tolerant species near Black Walnut trees.Through this experiment of the germination of the Black Walnut tree and the Wisconsin Fast Plant with the addition of Eucalyptus, we were able to determine that Juglone does not effect the growth of the Wisconsin Fast Plant.
The Grapes of Wrath is a great example of the historical events that have happened in America. The book focused of the things that took place in the 1930s when the book was written. Steinbeck focuses on three main events that took place and they were the Depression, Dust Bowl, and the New Deal. All of these things have had a great impact on everyone’s life that have survived through the great ordeals. This book let you in on what the people went through in the 1930s and how they moved on from it.
Gibberellin Acid is a plant hormone that can affect plant growth by manipulating the cell division, stem elongation, and even mobilizes food resources within the endosperm to increase seed germination (Wiathrop, 1998). This experiment took place to test the factor of whether or not gibberellin could allow a seed to germinate and grow in the absence of light. Plants were distributed five drops of gibberellin and then placed in the cabinet for a total of three weeks. Each week, we recorded the growth of each plant. As a result of the three weeks, only one of the two hormone-induced plants successfully sprouted to a total of 16.2 centimeters. The other hormone-induced seed showed germination however, resulted to zero vertical growth,
In the book called Miracle at Camp Friendship, by Sarah Hopewell, the theme of the book was about friendship and children getting along with others. The author described this friendship through Pudge, Racer, Booker, Miriam, Susie and Ronny during a weekend retreat, where the real challenge was said to be a test of the heart. An interesting statement the author made, referenced how God could do unexpected things in our lives, which could bring out special miracles. The next couple of paragraphs will show how God did unexpected things and that through these events produced miracles that bonded them together as life long friends. The unexpected thing that occurred with Pudge was when Ronny chose him to be his buddy at camp.