History of Disparity in Development Human is one of few creatures of mother earth that can think and decide what is right or wrong. Due to that special characteristic, people are always curious about something and try to find the reason about it. In 1974, Jared Diamond was staying in Papua New Guinea, and one day, a local named Yali asked Diamond a deceptively simple question “Why is it that you white people developed so much cargo, but we black people had little cargo of our own?” (NGO, 2005) Jared thought it was very interesting question and made a research for more than 20 years. As a result, Jared was able to find his own conclusion and wrote a book call “Guns, Germs, and Steel” based on knowledge he gathered from different places of …show more content…
People started using plows using animals and animal’s dung worked as a great fertilizer. Meanwhile animals in Papua were not that useful. All they did was just providing meat. Due to that, people in Papua needed to spend more time on gathering food while people in Fertile Crescent started to develop day by day. People in Fertile Crescent now had more people and they were able to feed technicians who work with irons. This made huge difference in technological development.
There are some other theories of human development. The most popular theory is about water (Marrone, 2014/02/04). The key role water plays in human development is well accepted (Donoso, 2009) throughout the world. Unlike Diamond’s theory, people who support the theory that water is a main factor say domestication was possible because of existence of water and support with 3 different examples. First example is in 11500 years ago, people didn’t have technology to pump the water, so they had to use their hand in order to provide water to plants and animals. Due to that, people naturally moved to the region that is close to the water (Briggs, 2009 and 2014/02/03). Second example is, in ancient world, people’s average life expectancy was 20 years (Galor/ Moav, 2007), it is caused by many reasons, but the main reason was disease. By washing their body everyday with water made them cleaner and healthier than before. Longer lifespan means more
Diamond describes the early parts of human history in a broad scope towards the beginning of the book. He focuses on both the evolution and spread of human beings, arguing that some civilizations had a head start over other ones because of when the period of human evolution took place. He explains how different environments shaped human history through an a example of how populations which inhabited the Polynesian islands developed differently due to the different environments and then by telling the stories about what happened as populations with better geographical advantages encountered more disadvantaged populations in the Americas. Diamond explains the many factors that influenced the historical progression of different societies. Diamond argues how food production was very much a primary factor in the advancement of each society. Societies
Some people define race as if it is something solid or concrete, but what they don’t see is that it is a “social fabrication”(Mathew Desmond, Mustafa Emibayer,2009;2). Race is based on the difference in physical appearance which is determined, for example, by the most apparent trait; skin color. Inequality emerges when people living, whether on the same sovereign terrain or across continents, are not treated with the same amount of respect and not given the chance to engage their rights in a free and fair manner. Race and inequality are often linked together because of the “issues that began in the 1800s”(NFB;Journey to Justice;2000) such as racial segregation. Over the years issues of race and inequality have
Society is constructed over different opinions and translations that individuals have over each other. The academic reading, “The Social Construction of Difference”, points out two different views that a group of people may have over another. In the academic reading the author, Allan G. Johnson, defines two different kinds of approaches that are known as privilege and oppression. Privilege is commonly defined as a group of certain people having more value from those who are not consider like one of them. Oppression is defined as privilege groups of people feeling superior in which leads to taking control over those who don’t share common identities with them. Based on the academic reading, “The Social Construction of difference”, the reality of social construction is based upon privilege and oppression.
Describe the major developments of early human and social evolution. Throughout, discuss tool manufacturing, language development, agriculture, social behavior, and population growth.
Prior to living in homes build to with stand the test of time, growing food their food source, and raising animals, humans were nomads who followed their food source around and were hunters and gathers. Although it took many years, from 8000B.C. to 3000B.C. for humans to go from hunters and gathers to a more common day life as we now know it, the result is referred to as the Neolithic Revolution the begins of human civilization. As the people of this time began to settle down and they began to both farm the land and domesticate animals for the better of the community. Along with the development of these communities as for the first time began to create social class among the many different roles they played in their community. Because
Woman, nor to poor people versus people who come from a rich and prestigious family.
Issue Presented: How can the societal issues of racial disparity be addressed on the state and local levels?
In “Ethnical Periods”, Lewis H. Morgan explains that mankind has evolved through different stages: savagery, barbarism, and civilization. He therefore, argues that social evolution helped state level societies form. He explains in detail that different groups of people underwent different conditions, yet they all contributed towards the progress of mankind evolution. Throughout the different stages that mankind went through, each stage passed on an ideal that helped the next stage succeed. Morgan explains, “with the knowledge gained therefrom, we may hope to indicate the principal stages of human development” (Morgan 4). Morgan describes human development through the inventions and discoveries of: subsistence, government, language, the family, religion, house life,
Many are called but few are chosen”, said Saint Matthews in Guns, Germs, and Steel. I believe Dr. Diamond perfectly described and supported his argument with evidence from the past and the present. The author not only paints a wonderful portrait of the last thirteen thousand years but, also, explains the concepts in extreme clarity and depth. In spite of that, there is no purpose of writing a book without a purpose, thus, the reason for creating Guns, Germs, and Steel was to answer one simple question with one of the most controversial answers. “Why is it that you white people developed so much more cargo and brought it to New Guinea, but we black people had little cargo of our own?” This was a question specific question to New Guinea but,
The study of human development is a science. It is based on theories, data, analysis, critical thinking, and sound methodology (Berger). Five characteristics of Development that will be discussed in this paper are multidirectional, multi-contextual, multicultural, multidisciplinary and plasticity. There are also five theories of development which are psychoanalytical, behaviorism, cognitive, socio-cultural, and epigenetic theory. Together these characteristics and theories can be used together to get a better understanding of the human development and how much genetics play a role in development and how much the
Imagine that you and your next door neighbor were going to run a foot race. Then, your neighbor's friend holds you stationery until your neighbor has completed a great portion of the race. Finally, your neighbor's friend releases you so that you may complete in the race. Sprinting vigorously and freely, it would be nearly impossible to win. Could you win or at minimum, could you be any type of competition? This analogy is equivalent to the governmental position taken in the 1960's particularly 1968the year that the Civil Right's Act was enacted. But, why mention the Civil Right's Act, everyone is equal now right? Wrong! The act was a success on paper, but failed to do the most important thing, and that is to give people in poverty
Inequalities exist an all aspects of life. The nature and result of such inequalities shapes our social as well as economic lives. As people progress through their educational life certain inequalities will result in different outcomes of schooling for different sets of people. “In post war Britain pupils from a working class background are constantly found to gain fewer academic qualifications, to be under represented in institutions of higher education and to end up in jobs offering little opportunity for social advancement'; (Brown 1987 p11). It is inequalities such as these that are present both in and out of school that will determine life chances of individuals. It is commonly accepted that education is the main
When will we stop being unjust? Our society today is full of problems and issues. We not only experience economic and politic issues, but we face social problems as well. One main problem that our society must acknowledge is injustice. However, many members of our society are blind not to recognize that permitting unjust and unfair acts is an actual injustice. They believe it’s appropriate to judge others, to make inappropriate comments and to be disrespectful.
Poverty and inequality exist in every developed culture and often are only patched in order for society to continue upwardly. Poverty and inequality in the United States exists for many reasons; reasons that very from the prospective lens. Interpretive theories in particular ask us to question our reality and its constructs. Interpretive theories require us to looks at the world as a social realm, one that we created and constantly change. Interpretive theories study the relationship between power and the construction of social roles as well as the invisible collection of patterns and habits that make up domination, (Delgado & Stefanic, 2001). Susan Kemp argues that the view of the world is dominated by the experiences of white western
Early hominids developed into the humans we are today. Not only did they evolve genetically, but they also had inventions and ideas that evolved them mentally. Through these forms of evolution, man has developed its civilizations into the modern world we know today. In the book Lord of the Flies by William Golding, a group of boys crash on an island from a plane. From this point in time, the boys attempt to develop their society. The boys in Lord of the Flies mirror their development of society to the development of early man through the use of fire, the building of basic shelter and settlements, and the process of obtaining food by hunting and gathering using technology.