Abstract
This report is comparison between Hofstede and GLOBE (Global Leadership and Organisation Behaviour Effectiveness) research on Culture and Leadership. Hofstede and GLOBE is similar, they both investigation the behaviour of organisations in different countries and across culture. But the way and research scope still quite different. In this report we will summarized and reviewed the theoretical dimension of various culture and leadership. Include the deficiencies in Hofstede’s work which the GLOBE study sought to address.
Introduction
Culture is a common behavior of the human, representing a group of common ideological. "Cultural difference" is the difference between the cultures of different countries, different nationalities, for example such as: the difference between the values of respect, faith, language, customs, religion and ethics.
In order to understand and analyze the cultural differences, many domestic and foreign scholars have proposed a variety of methods. They tried to break down into easier to identify the cultural characteristics of the elements, so that the public can follow a different culture for the country to recognize cultural differences and deal with problems arising from cultural conflict. 20th century, many scholars take a large sample empirical methods, this study guide has become the mainstream of today 's study of cultural differences. On behalf of the scholars, including: Hofstede (1980), Schwartz (1997), House of GLOBE, Edward T Hall
Culture is defined as a whole basis of knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, and customs that define a person or group of persons. Culture differs is so many ways and that culture is what defines each of person as an individual. This concept comes from the cultural that was taught and developed from after birth and through our adolescent years. Our culture is the foundation of who we are. It identifies the lifestyle and pursuits that are practiced in the group of people we interact with in our society. Culture beliefs, values, and practices are learned from birth.
Culture is what defines a specific group of people. The customs, beliefs, arts, and social institutions of a race or specific group shape the perspective of a person in that group. Culture is what is known of a group of people. This how to differentiate different people from one another other than race and ethnicity.
What is culture? Culture is something you and a group of people share that are similar to one another. A culture is a way of life for a group of people and their behaviors, beliefs, values, and symbols that they accept, generally without thinking about them. The language we speak, the art, literature, and the heritage we are proud of, our food, our festivals, and our customs and traditions together form our culture. They
As I begin this essay comparing two separate cultures I feel it is necessary to first describe what exactly culture is. Culture has been called "the way of life for an entire society." It includes codes of manners, dress, language, religion, rituals, norms of behavior such as law and morality, and systems of belief.
Culture is a set of ideals and values about life that are widely shared among people and that guide specific behaviors. Differences, as well as similarities, can be seen when comparing world cultures. We communicate with each other, we feed ourselves with food, and when we sleep we often dream. However, we speak different languages, eat different types of foods, and dream different ways. We call these cultural differences. What causes them is not always obvious to the ordinary person (Nancy). I feel culture is what really sets us apart from each other and what makes us unique as individuals and families.
Culture refers to the behaviors and interactions of a people and the representative structures in which give such behavior meaning. Human nature, history, and environment have impacted and resulted in the many differences and similarities amongst the various cultures that exist today. A culture is inclusive of shared language or system of communication, beliefs,
Managers in today’s world are important assets to the multicultural organisations. Leadership styles of managers are highly important in terms of managing the team of followers, which has a correlation to the productivity and results that the team would achieve in the future. By having good management, it contributes to the success of the organisation. Hence, it is vital to identify the different leadership styles especially in different cultures to suit the working environment and culture of the organization. In the present multicultural global business industry, cultural differences can come in the way of the success of project completion (Anbari, Khilkhanova, Romanova, & Umpleby , 2009) . It has been claimed that rigid leadership does not promote motivation and creativity, therefore, managers should lead by flexible leadership and be culturally sensitive, adapting to different cultures, for the team to be able to move forward and reach their goals (Anabri et al. 2009). The way a manager’s leadership takes place also affect’s the experience of the employees at work and the relationship between the manager and the employee. Jariya (2012, p66) states that ‘different cultures differ in the values they endorse, people from these cultures often interpret the same managerial practices
Culture is essentially a learned way of life. Typically, people within the same culture speak the same language, eat identical foods, share common values, and also behave and think in a similar ways.
Culture: Culture refers to values, languages, symbols, norms, beliefs, expectations that members of a group possess and the good things they produce and use in their life. Culture is the thing that all the members of a group or society follow.
Culture a set of shared values that a group of people hold. These values affect how you think, act and most importantly the basis on which you judge others. These behaviors can be viewed as normal and right or strange or wrong. Keep in mind though that we are all individuals and that no two people belonging to the same culture
The variations among culture are startling, yet all people have customs and beliefs. Culture represents a lifestyle of ethics to follow. beliefs are guidance of life and how people should live in society. it is also a form discipline that is either learned or taught in every civilization. Culture also the show's the difference how other countries live as well. It show's how they sleep, eat, greet and treat others. American culture and Indian culture differ in ways of cooking, etiquette and
Culture refers to a lifestyle of a people including all their ideas, values, knowledge, behavior, and materials or objects that they share (Knight 2015). Cultures vary from groups and societies as big as continent to continent, and as small as family to family. A great way to observe cultural differences is to look at two different countries. Saudi Arabia and the United States of America are societies that both have their own independent cultures. The two countries have very different cultures from one another. We can observe this by looking at the different cultural traditions, customs, behaviors, norms, values, beliefs, and materials that are immersed into each society’s culture. These cultural aspects are preserved and transmitted by the members of one generation to the next (Knight 2015).
Culture is everything that is learned, socially transmitted customs, knowledge. Material objects and behavior. People preserve their cultures by passing them down from generation to generation. They are also preserved from society which comes from cultures. Societies are large group of people with similar cultures that form together to help preserve their cultures. Another way in which they preserve their heritages is by literature, video recordings and any other means of expression. George Murdock lists of cultural universals include athletic sports, cooking, dancing, visiting, personal names, marriage, medicine, religious ritual, funeral ceremonies, sexual restrictions and trade. All of these different cultural universals are very different and are each expressed differently in different societies. Like some cultural might allow you to marry whoever you want while others will choose your partners for you.
Culture is described as the symbols that individuals, groups and societies use to make decision of daily life and to assure their values. Culture is a model of basic assumptions invented, discovered or developed by a given organization as it learns to cope with its problems of external adaption and internal combination, which has worked well enough to think correctly and, so to instruct to new comers as the valid way to observe, consider and feel in relation to these problems. Culture consists of manner, mind-set, values, rituals, religious belief, law (written and unwritten), arts, ideas, custom, belief, ceremonies, social institutions, myths and legends, individual identity and behavior. Cultural pattern classifies are used to describe the dominant beliefs and values. Culture has been called the way of life for an entire society. It is a group or community living together and sharing a set of norms. Culture and society are coexistent. One does not or cannot exist without the other. Culture and society may have some common elements but the two are not the same; they are not identical.
Culture can be defined in many ways due to the fact that everyone can have their own distinct and traditional beliefs and values. “ Culture is fluid, it is not a static entity which one takes out of the box on occasion. It is with us daily” (Cultural Handout). Someone’s culture is set as the characteristics of the group practices in language, religion, types of food, social traits and habits, and the distinct arts and music. There are a variety of different cultures for example, Western Culture, Eastern Culture, Latin Culture, Middle Eastern Culture, and African Culture. All of these different cultures have their own ideas, values, and individualism, laws that are implied, civil rights, and even technology. In our, “ Culture Handout” culture is defined as the tool of the mind, “ it is an individual’s way seeing and interacting within the world. It encompasses one’s values systems, beliefs, and perceptions of the world around them. Race, socio-economic class gender, sexual orientation, ability, geographic location, age, religion language, etc. all impact the formation of culture, but these various context are not culture” (Cultural Handout).