Working Conditions and Reforms – How did the Industrial Revolution change working conditions?
During the 18th and 19th centuries, a new period called the Industrial Revolution began with societies which used to be mainly agrarian in Europe and America, becoming industrial and urban. It all started in Britain with Sir Richard Arkwright who invented a spinning machine, which led to the rise of the Industrial Revolution. Britain was also the first to experience industrialisation since at the time, there were huge coal and iron ore deposits in Britain which were necessary for industrialisation. Britain was also the largest empire at the time and one of the many benefits of being so meant that it could also get natural resources from elsewhere.
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Although the Industrial Revolution helped increase the volume and variety of manufactured goods, the poor and working classes experienced grim employment and living conditions.
Although the Industrial Revolution did bring about many jobs and raised the overall standard of living for people, working conditions were still substandard. Workers were paid low wages and worked in hazardous environments. Although factory owners reaped in the profits, no action was taken to have a safe working environment which meant that there were no protective clothing which had to be worn, nor were the machines modified to be safe. Children fared the worst since they were small and as a result, they did the most hazardous tasks such as chimney sweeping and cleaning the machinery. Children also did not have to be paid as high wages as men and women which led to more employment of them opposed to adults. Children were also abused, famished and fatigued and it was not uncommon to
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The reason behind the peculiar name “Luddite” is after Ned Ludd, a young apprentice who supposedly wrecked textile machinery in the late-18th century. Luddites who had dedicated years to their profession dreaded at the thought of untrained machine operators taking over their jobs. After being rejected for government aid and assistance, hopeless Luddites raided factories and damaged machines with the first notable instances being recorded in Nottingham in 1811. The practise soon expanded across the whole of England with the Luddites arming themselves with sledgehammers and sometimes even exchanged gunfire with the company guards and soldiers. Luddites even issued manifestos and alarming letters under the name of “General Ludd” whose orders they were following apparently. Instead of banning weaving machines which is what the Luddites hoped, the British Government enacted laws which made machine breaking punishable by death. The Luddites reached their climax in April 1812, when a few of them were gunned down during a raid on a mill near Huddersfield. The days afterwards consisted of the army rounding up the Luddites with many of them either being hanged or sent to Australia. By 1813, the Luddites had virtually
Britain enjoyed the significant economic advantages during the early years of the Industrial Revolution for many reasons. The Industrial Revolution built on earlier developments, but took time to progress. It eventually began to help ordinary people in the West to gain a higher standard life of living. Great Britain had more advantages such as natural resources, political stability and favorable geography. According to the textbook, A History of Western Society, “Britain possessed a unique set of possibilities and constraints, such as abundant coal, high wages, a relatively peaceful and centralized government and well developed financial systems…” (622) and the list goes on. Furthermore, agriculture played an important role in the Industrial Revolution in Britain. “English farmers were second only to the Dutch in
The Industrial Revolution occurred in Britain and America around the late 1700’s to 1900. This revolution improved the production of goods using new mechanisms and machines. Human labor was in high demand in order for the highest production rates. Factories employed low to middle-class people that were as young as three years old (Document 9). These workers were benefited with money, shelter, and clothes, but the working and living conditions were not satisfying. The average industrial worker experienced a variety of factors that can be classified as good or bad, including the positive effects of labor, like the shelter, money, and food they were given; and the negative effects of the factory,
The Industrial Revolution started in the mid-1700s and rapidly spread industrialization to most of Europe. Because of the revolution, the iron production in Great Britain had increased by 518 times. Despite the positive outcomes of the factories, factory workers were exposed to dangerous conditions, including unprotected machines, which led to many unintended injuries and even death. Moreover, the factories took time away from school, leaving the workers without higher level knowledge and skills. The Industrial Revolution increased the overall standard of living of the lower class, however the poor working conditions and hindered education negated the gain of working in the factories.
In the 18th and 19th centuries, the industrial revolution was at its way, gaining many economic and technological advances but the price of hardship forced onto the workers and children during this time was paid. During this time period rural societies transformed into urban/industrial ones and a shift from working at home to factories and mass production with machinery. Many different advancements including the iron and textile industries, and also the invention of the steam engine helped pave the way of the revolution. Industrialization brought an increase of manufactured goods and also helped pave the way to our world as we know it today. As all these things were great, the industrialization significantly and truly lowered the living conditions
The working class during the Industrial Revolution made up 80 percent of society, the other 20 was composed of wealthy business owners. People in the 1800’s migrated from shops in their home to work in dangerous and life threatening factories. While many say this was a positive period, it came with negative consequences. The Industrial Revolution was more negative than positive because working conditions were very unsafe, workers worked extremely long hours, and employees worked for cheap wages.
Improvments were brought to the initial poor working conditions later in the indutrial revolution. These prevented many other wokers from dying due to there poor lifestyles. Atough the industrial revoultion was important to the rest of the world, it came with negetive effects on the workers
The Industrial Revolution was a predominantly negative period in history, greatly affecting the lives of the poor working-class. Starting in 1750, rapid urbanization occurred, resulting in the higher and middle-class benefiting; but only because they were rich before it began. The working-class, however, became even more unfortunate as the era went on and were forced to become factory workers or miners. These men, women and children all faced harsh environmental factors, including the new technology of advanced machines and a shift in their family lifestyle.
The working conditions of the average laborer during the industrial revolution were oftentimes harsh and dangerous as seen in documents in 1,2,3 and 5. According to the Sadler Committee of 1832, men were forced to work excessively long hours and were whipped to stay awake. (Doc. 1) Additionally, the Sadler Committee revealed that many workers have suffered from infections, disease and muscle problems. (Doc. 2) This shows that industrial factory owners oftentimes exploited their laborers for profit. Andrew Ure’s The Philosophy of Manufactures reveals that children in the factory
It can be argued that a drifting away from the old artisan putting out system was not helping the economy, and a push for increased industry was a economically healthy path to choose. However the horrible working conditions in the relatively new and supposedly “revolutionary” factories cannot be denied. Yes, the common people were making more money than they ever had with stable jobs and increased production of goods, but at what cost? The first industrial cities in England such as Manchester and Sheffield were transformed into dystopian, dirty slums where the polluting factories loomed overhead. This idea is translated in Document #3 which depicts such an urban slum. One might even classify the image as that of the Middle Ages much less an age marked by invention and progress. The working conditions of the industrial age were not only unsanitary but also extremely dangerous with little safety precautions. Such safety features and skilled training with machinery would cost manufacturers money and money was the only thing separating the boss from the disgruntled employee. Unsafe working environment can be seen in Document #2 depicting a coal mine worker. In most cases, it was the youngest of the workers who were
The Industrial Revolution started in the early 19th century. It brought about a wide array of changes, both social and political. Before the invention of machine and the factory system people had to make everything by hand which meant people would make anything they could by hand and buy things they couldn’t make from people who specialized in making the particular thing they needed. The groups of people who specialized in making something were called Guilds and they would take on younger kids and teach them the craft. Working in a guild required skill and were often smaller exclusive groups of people which meant that most people lived out in the country as farmers. But then factories filled with machines started up and suddenly there was a
The industrial revolution was a period of tremendous growth and prosperity through the modernization and creation of factories. The advancements were monumental for economic growth, but negatively affected its workers. Workers were forced to work tremendously long hours with many safety hazards. Although, the working conditions have overall improved since the eighteen hundreds issues still arise. For example, the first document I read discussed a fatal fire in Bangladesh.
67). As the strike began, the thousands of miners and their families were relocated into tent colonies by the union. The peaceful strike eventually came to an end April 1914, when the largest colony, Ludlow, was attacked by private detectives and the Colorado National Guard (Chicone, p. 58). The camp was heavily fired upon and set ablaze, “Twenty-five people lay dead, including two women and 11 children who were trapped beneath a smoldering tent” (Chicone, p. 58), the senseless murder of the strikers and families left an endless mark on the coal miner community. The brutality of the incident led the union to quickly label it the “Ludlow Massacre”, ensuring that it would not be mistaken as anything other than an abuse of power (Walker, p. 72). Throughout the strike and subsequent massacre, the media was a frenzy of competing messages from both the United Mine Workers of America and the Rockefeller’s Colorado Fuel and Iron Company.
The Industrial revolution started in Britain around 1750 and by 1850 it will make Great Britain the wealthiest country in the world. The revolution also spread to other European countries and the New World. Both Germany and United States will surpass Britain in the next fifty years. What was the effect of The Industrial Revolution on the working class?
As well as living conditions, working conditions were also appalling during the industrial revolution. Factories were a new thing in the industrial revolution so there were no health and safety acts or child protection laws. The conditions in factories were awful; the workers had to work up to twelve hours starting very early in the morning. The work included managing dangerous machinery which was very repetitive and tiring and had to be done stood up. Some workers had to carry very heavy loads to fill or empty the machines. Many employees were injured or died in factories due to the hazardous machinery. Clothing could easily get caught up in the machinery and this could be fatal. The factory owners were responsible for feeding their workers. However, the food they gave them contained no nutrition in it and the workers were given miniscule amounts. This brought about diseases such as TB which was caused by under nourishment and little food. The fumes inside factories were also dangerous; in cotton factories the air around the workers was filled with little bits of cotton which were breathed in by the workers. These clogged up the trachea, bronchioles and the lungs and caused asthma and chest infections which could be fatal due to the lack of medical knowledge. The death rates in factories were very high but it was not as bad as the public health during this era. It contributed towards the dreadful public health as the factory owners paid the worker low wages
In the late Nineteenth Century, Europe, and to a more limited extent the United States, was beset by various acts of terror perpetrated by people broadly identifying or identified as anarchists in some form. While individual motives and ideologies often varied wildly from instance to instance of anarchist terror, the anarchists (as well as more thoroughly derived utopian ideologues like socialists and communists) were driven by desire to radically change the deplorable societal conditions facing the masses of the working class poor. While many anarchists were not violent in nature, taking more academic and traditional political routes in their quest for change, terrorists were prevalent among those who fell under the anarchist umbrella, and