preview

How Did The Industrial Revolution Change Working Conditions

Decent Essays

Working Conditions and Reforms – How did the Industrial Revolution change working conditions?

During the 18th and 19th centuries, a new period called the Industrial Revolution began with societies which used to be mainly agrarian in Europe and America, becoming industrial and urban. It all started in Britain with Sir Richard Arkwright who invented a spinning machine, which led to the rise of the Industrial Revolution. Britain was also the first to experience industrialisation since at the time, there were huge coal and iron ore deposits in Britain which were necessary for industrialisation. Britain was also the largest empire at the time and one of the many benefits of being so meant that it could also get natural resources from elsewhere. …show more content…

Although the Industrial Revolution helped increase the volume and variety of manufactured goods, the poor and working classes experienced grim employment and living conditions.
Although the Industrial Revolution did bring about many jobs and raised the overall standard of living for people, working conditions were still substandard. Workers were paid low wages and worked in hazardous environments. Although factory owners reaped in the profits, no action was taken to have a safe working environment which meant that there were no protective clothing which had to be worn, nor were the machines modified to be safe. Children fared the worst since they were small and as a result, they did the most hazardous tasks such as chimney sweeping and cleaning the machinery. Children also did not have to be paid as high wages as men and women which led to more employment of them opposed to adults. Children were also abused, famished and fatigued and it was not uncommon to …show more content…

The reason behind the peculiar name “Luddite” is after Ned Ludd, a young apprentice who supposedly wrecked textile machinery in the late-18th century. Luddites who had dedicated years to their profession dreaded at the thought of untrained machine operators taking over their jobs. After being rejected for government aid and assistance, hopeless Luddites raided factories and damaged machines with the first notable instances being recorded in Nottingham in 1811. The practise soon expanded across the whole of England with the Luddites arming themselves with sledgehammers and sometimes even exchanged gunfire with the company guards and soldiers. Luddites even issued manifestos and alarming letters under the name of “General Ludd” whose orders they were following apparently. Instead of banning weaving machines which is what the Luddites hoped, the British Government enacted laws which made machine breaking punishable by death. The Luddites reached their climax in April 1812, when a few of them were gunned down during a raid on a mill near Huddersfield. The days afterwards consisted of the army rounding up the Luddites with many of them either being hanged or sent to Australia. By 1813, the Luddites had virtually

Get Access