How Did The Spanish Vaquero Influence The American Cattle Industry

He described that for the Pueblos, the Spanish came with benefits like new animals, but the forced labor and swear fealty to the King of Spain was too strict . He recollected that Navajo did not yet experience the authority of the Spanish because “the white man did not know the Navajo existed” because they inhabited area that was dangerous and hide amongst bushes and trees. It was only until exposure to the ways of the Spanish that the Navajo even thought of taking care of animals like horses, so “the Navajos became horse stealers.” During Oakee’s interview, he stated that the violence of the Spanish encouraged peace amongst the Navajo and Pueblo, but eventually times turned hard and both groups looked towards the Spanish for help. He stated the “It was cruel time which the Indian had never forgotten, yet they were learning something too, and yet the Pueblo learn from the Spanish, the Navajo learn from the Pueblo.” Also, he stated that “the Spaniards did not understand [the Pueblos’ religion]”, which led to the revolt because the Spanish disgraced the sacred masks and stopped the Pueblos from communicating with their spirits. Furthermore, Oakee’s interview summarized the various ways that the Spanish had affected the lives of the Navajo, which was through contact with the Pueblo as the Navajo people incorporated sheep, new methods of farming, and new rituals into their way of

The Comanche were a fierce tribe who rivaled the Apaches and eventually ended up pushing them out of Texas. They originally lived in mountains until they acquired horses in the 1600s and became powerful and mobile, thus deciding to move southwest to find more mustangs, buffalo, and a warmer climate. Together with their exceptional fighting skills and horse riding skills, the Comanche quickly controlled most of the Plains region and became very wealthy. They were able to follow the buffalo as nomads and use this animal as a resource for almost everything. They also could trade their buffalo goods with other tribes and make a profit. The Comanche would skin the animal and use it for moccasins, leggings, breechcloths, teepee coverings, and skirts for men and women. The tribe was organized with a war chief and peace chief. The tribe believed in good and bad spirits including the Great Spirit which they would smoke a pipe to. Men in the tribe were warriors and would steal horses from other tribes and people. If they were killed the tribe would kill their horse also and put them in a trench.

Cabeza got better along with the indians because of his success as a healer. While with the Indians he had to pull out the arrow of an Indian who had been wounded by an arrow. His surgery was successful and that gained him respect from the Indians (documents c). The Indians talked about how Cabeza De Vaca was better then the Spanish cause he cured the sick. ( documents d) His success as a healer made the Indians want him around so he was able to stay alive.

Cattle ranching is a very important part of Latin American culture because it was brought over when the area was first colonized

The Native Americans once thrived on the rich land of the Americas, and they built a long-lasting civilization with the help of nature, gods, and organized roles within the tribes. However, the thriving population plummeted after their encounter with diseases and forced labor brought upon them by the Spanish and Portuguese conquistadores. Although at first the conquistadores mistreatment of Native Americans seem shallow and unethical, their conquest of the Americas only partially reflects the claims of the English Black Legends..

Smallpox was the number one eradicator facing those who didn’t possess immunity to the rank disease. Over 90% of native peoples died from this illness. Spain constructed a system known as encomienda. Under this arrangement Indians could be traded to slave owners in exchange for the devotion of their Christian loyalty. The relationship between Indians and Spanish voyagers was not all horrific. They did

However, the Spaniards brought things over such as Horses and cattle. By having cows and oxen the agriculture was able to boom. These animals made it easier to produce more crops, while at the same time helping the indigenous people save energy. These large animals were able to make the work easier while at the same time increase output. The Spaniards brought over wheat, barley, various fruits and vegetables, olive oil, and wine. The most overlooked thing brought, were slaves. Slaves brought a huge need for labor while at the same time provided diversity.

This is clear in Document 2 of chapter two in The Major Problems in Mexican American History. In this document entitled, "Spain Asserts Control over the Indians of Nueva Galicia, Mexico, 1570," the king of Spain issued a royal order commanding the Spanish in Mexico to control the Indians, convert them, and use them as labor. The king did not’t like the fact the Indians were living in the mountains "preventing interference with their manner and custom of life" (34). By being away from the Spanish established towns, they were refusing to "be more advantageously converted and indoctrinated" (34).

Cattle has a reliable significance by being the personification of the Native American people. Although white ranchers rejected the animals, Josiah has his faith and intuition that his cattle would be unique, not the ordinary which have lost touch with their lands. He demonstrates the animals as “any living thing” (Silko, 74), which illustrates that the cattle would lose their origins if they “separate from the land for too long” (Silko, 74). Silko highlights the dissimilarity of treatment of animals by the whites from the Laguna method of hunting animals since the Laguna people expresses their respects and appreciations for the prey through rituals and ceremonies. When the Herefords owned by the white ranchers are about to fall to death because of thirst, the spotted cattle can find water on their own. In other words, they are self-sufficient and close to the lands

As it states in document one, the Spaniards spread their knowledge to the Natives and taught them how to read, write, thresh and sell harvest, make bread, breed cattle and so many more. They taught them all these things so that the world can develop faster, and due to them keeping their word, cultural diffusion started and spread rapidly. Later on another system, known as Columbian Exchange, spread. It was a system which, according to document three, “brought benefit to all peoples.” This system started the exchange of plant and animal during the European expansion into the Americas. The introduction of the horse, cow, and various grains vastly increased the food productivity all around the globe. Although, this is only the second of the many genius’ the explorers had

His key point is that “the strong ‘invisible hand’ of the market” was the biggest factor in the development of the repartimiento (2). There were no other viable means for Indians to get credit to buy farm animals or other expensive goods—a merchant could not reasonably extend credit to an Indian he did not know because of the high risk of default, compounded with the fact that he had no means to coerce payment. The alcade mayor was the only person who had the means to both extend credit to the Indians and have the authority to demand repayment (13–14). While he could have used his power “to collect the debts owed to private merchants” as well as the debts owed to him, it made more sense to discourage private merchants from lending so as to bring himself more business (14). Baskes does not think that there is sufficient evidence to conclude that repartimientos were regularly forced upon Indians who didn’t want them, however; the main reason for this is that the alcade mayor simply did not have enough political power to do this. Since he was the only representative of the Spanish government, with repartimientos “at times even prohibited by the Crown,” even they would likely not defend him if Indians resisted an effort to coerce them to take a repartimiento (9–10). Since the ability to extend credit to Indians “was necessary to permit the expansion of markets,” and private merchants were usually unwilling to risk their own money to do this, the Spanish had to step in in order to expand their economic reach

In the late 1500’s Francisco Toledo, Spanish Viceroy of Peru, implemented many reforms centralizing the colonial government. He implemented regulations that grouped the natives into small settlements or villages, much like those seen in Europe, with grid like streets, a central plaza that faced the church, and a jail, etc. The Indians resisted these villages and many even fled. In the face of Indian resistance the Spanish authorities planned on using the Kurakas’ traditional power over the labor and goods of the Indigenous people to benefit the state by gaining control over these societies and using these goods and services of the natives as forms of payment to the state.

“head of cow”, it came from an ancestor who helped the Spanish win a battle

This bond has formed from when they found their horses, how they trained them, what they used them for, and how they viewed their horse. Native Americans “discovered” horses in the late 1600s. The Spanish had settled in Texas around the early 1500s, to become missionaries and find new life. When they came, they enslaved the Native Americans that were living in the area. Their reason for enslaving the Native Americans was that the

As the twentieth century approached, America was experiencing a time of considerable expansion. All eyes were looking for ways to make the United States a larger, more powerful, and more efficient country. Because of this wave in American society, there was no movement given more devotion than the settling of the West. The range-cattle industry in its various aspects, and in its importance to the United States and particularly to the Great Plains, has been a subject of focus to Americans since its origin in the mid 1800's. This industry was rendered possible by such factors as vast sections of fertile land, the rise of heavy industry involving the great demand for beef, and