How Did The Tanzimat Influence Arab Elites

There was great resistance against this movement, and much of the neighboring Islamic world looked upon this westernization with disdain. Although Ataturk and Reza Shah ruled their countries with absolute power, and suppressed many citizens and minority groups, there were some positive aspects of the movement. The countries of Turkey and Iran would not be what they are today without the influence of these rulers in their

On the Political side, the Ottoman Turks were the best at keeping up control for a more extended time. It could get by to the point that advanced circumstances. The two different realms crumbled by the seventeenth century. The pioneer of the Ottoman Turks was known as the Sultan which was like a ruler. Islamic Law was connected to all Muslims. With respect to Safavid realm politically, the Shahs strolled around the boulevards in mask keeping in mind the end goal to discover the genuineness of the nationals. The high positions were given by justifying and regularly were nonnatives. In the Mughal Empire politically, Even,

The “glue” for the Ottoman Empire was ethnic and religious tolerance. Islam was also a benefit to the Empire because it was a common religion throughout the Empire, which united many people together.

The Ottoman Turks emerged on the periphery of the Byzantine Empire and the Saljuk Turks. Under a Turkish Muslim warrior named Osman, raids were conducted in western Anatolia on Byzantine settlements and a vast number of Turks were united under his banner. Those Turks who flocked to Osman's banner and followed him into the history books came to be called the Ottomans. The word Ottoman, fits these Turks well as it roughly translates from Turkish as "those associated with Oman."

Social classes were based on the religion. The Ottoman Empire was considered an Islamic empire because its founder was a Muslim. Unlike any other state or empire, classes were taken by religion. Muslim millets were the highest class society and were treated equally as the other millets but other religions had to pay more

Sultan Mahmud II and other educated Ottomans with European influence, started one of the largest reform movements in the history of the Ottoman Empire . With the Tanzimat, life in the Ottoman Empire changed significantly, changing the way Ottomans lived. The Ottoman Empire was home to a variety types nationalities, races, religions, and cultures. The Ottomans issued a new policy known as Ottomanism , where they wanted to unite these people under Tanzimat. Some of the results from this policy was the creation of a national anthem

The main goal of these reforms was to move the non-Muslims from an inferior national to a full subject of the Empire. The thought was that if the Sultan gave his minority subjects more rights, per say, than they would not form a separatist movement. Or worse the subjects separatist movement lobby international support; for example, in the Greek national movement in 1821. The Greeks were assisted by France, Romanov Russia, and The United Kingdom. In this way two causes for the Armenian genocide interweave. At the same time as nationalistic centrifugal forces are pulling the Empire apart, Europe is sticking their hands in Ottoman internal affairs. The Tanzimat Reforms were really a failure, and did not promote equal citizenship among citizens. Nor

Their government was entirely based on connections. Many administrative duties were delegated to regional leaders by the sultan and under these leaders were more delegated duties. This meant that their whole government was a complicated web of connections. The government was fair and stable because the people who ran it were very close to the people they were making rules for. Given their remarkable size and diversity it is impressive that they never had any large scale revolts. Their empire included Muslims, Jews, and Christians. Despite the conflicts between these groups the Ottomans were able to quell their differences by assigning religious leaders to each province, further increasing the web of connection within the empire. Critics of the Ottoman will say that their government was too spread, without a clear leader. On the other hand, the sultan was quite powerful, as evidenced by Suleiman the Magnificent. He was a legendary leader and as sultan vastly improved the Ottoman empire. The Ottomans ruled with a firm, but steady hand. This hand was held together by a complex network of connections.

The Ottoman empire began at the end of the thirteenth century when Othman united the decentralized, lawless clans. The expansion that occurred after the Mongols, instituted the Ottoman conquering technique, defeat than tax. Religious tolerance was granted within the empire, but there was a jizya, special tax, for non-Muslims. Every aspect of the complex Ottoman social order was connected, and Sufism was intertwined into some of the social groups, mainly merchants. The pattern of Sufism lead to kinship among the merchants which facilitated trade. With the psychological intimidation of gunpowder weapons and aggressive expansion, some of the Ottomans emperors even gained respect that rivaled Caesar’s. That respect was not only from a political view but also a religious view, for the emperor was also the pope. For the first time in Islamic history, a ruler of a primarily Muslim region had a role mirroring the Caesaropapism of Rome.

In this week’s chapter, it discusses a lot about the rise and fall of the Ottoman and Safavid Empires. In many dynasties, it is critically important to have a well balanced society and economy. Anderson displays many of the reasons why these two empires were so great during their time, but evidently loss of power and control of government can be a major turning point and, eventually, led to the decline of these empires. This specific chapter focus on the systems of governance that was established in each empire.

At the start of the 18th century, Middle Eastern countries witnessed their Eastern neighbors being overtaken by Western Europe and were faced with a choice: to pick apart or to be picked apart. It was from this dilemma that defensive developmentalism emerged in the Middle East. Empires such as the Ottomans, Persia, Tunisia, and Egypt began the process of centralizing their authority in order to assert effective control over their populations. The chief goal of defensive developmentalism for these empires was to assert their autonomy, whether that be autonomy from the Ottomans in the case of Egypt and Tunisia, or from outside imperialists in the Ottoman Empire and Persia. In order to accomplish these goals, defensive developmentalists undertook extensive reforms to establish their empires as relevant worldwide powers.

In the article, Lamdan describes political and social states of Jewish people in the Ottoman Empire. Result of political and other changes in Europe, the Jews expelled from Spain and it became main corner of Ottoman Empire. He also describes that relationship of Muslim people and Jewish people in Ottoman Empire. They were a tolerated minority under Ottoman rule. There were some degree of restriction such as paying special taxes, but thy enjoyed the right to their life, liberty and the right to exercise their religion.

Can you imagine being executed by your own brother? Neither can I. Selim I was born 1470 as the third boy out of four surviving brothers. His father was Sultan Bayezid II who was dethroned by Selim, not only did Selim overthrow his father but he also executed his brothers so that they would not take his position. Selim I conquered many Muslim states but he had good reason for it such as fighting for his political beliefs but also by getting rid of states that could not defend Islam. The four main topics in this essay explain why Selim waged war against the other Muslim states, it explains his legitimate reasoning in why he started these wars, the changes in religion and demography in the Ottoman Empire after his conquests, and lastly the administrative,

The Ottomans did attempt to reform themselves on multiple occasions. The entire Tanzimat period from 1839-1876 was marked by extensive efforts to modernize and westernize the Ottoman government. Even before then, though, there were

The Mu’tazila were a Muslim group who had an immense impact on political, intellectual, and theological aspects of society. In his article, Watt mentions that “the Mu’tazilites were important to Islamic theology because they brought Greek conceptions into the discussions of Islamic dogma” (Watt, 46). In the beginning, the term “Mu’tazilite” had a fairly broad meaning and included a lot of people. As time went on, the term came to be associated only with those who accept the five points of Mu’tazilite dogmatic position (Watt 46). The Mu’tazila made lasting impacts on Islamic society through their following of the five principles and dedication to Kalam. (Watt 47-48)