How Does Temperature Affect Water Temperature

Ectothermic animals are animals whose body temperature is affected by their surroundings. This means that if the environment is cold the animal will be cold. If the environment is warm the animal will be warm. This is because the animal doesn’t have the capability of regulating its body systems to keep a constant body temperature. When an ectothermic animal is cold, its heart rate will lower. When the animal is warmer, the heart rate will raise – as long as the temperature isn’t sufficiently high to harm the animal. (Campbell, 2005)

Freeman (2008) furthers Eckert et al’s argument by stating that the actin filaments of the muscle cell in organisms are able to intake ATP (adenosine triphosphate) faster and will move the organism faster when higher temperatures are imposed. This is because of an increase in enzyme reaction rates (Freeman 2008). These arguments can be applied to our experiment to help explain the trends observed. It can be argued that as the Gammarus setosus experiences the cold treatments, the organ of Bellonci senses the cold temperature, which in turn signals the organism to preserve its energy to protect itself; therefore, the organism will swim slower. In addition, the enzymes in the muscle cells of the organism, when experiencing the cold treatments, will have decreased ability to carry out enzymatic reactions, therefore inhibiting the uptake of ATP, which will cause the organism to swim slowly. Conversely, as the organisms are put into the heated treatments, the organ of Bellonci senses the heat, and allows the organism to swim faster, since it does not have allocate as much of its energy towards survival. Furthermore, the enzymes in the cells will be able to catalyze reactions more quickly, therefore allowing the organism to swim faster. However, when the temperature of the surroundings is too high, the enzymes will denature, therefore, reducing the activity rate of

direct calorimetry. Furthermore, the amount of oxygen in the chamber reveals the amount of cellular respiration of the organism. While also, test the effects of decreasing oxygen, and later increasing the heat on the metabolic rate of goldfish. I hypothesize that an increase in temperature will increase their metabolic rate

We performed an experiment on crayfish focusing on their metabolic rates, via oxygen consumption, at two acclimated temperatures. Crayfish were either acclimated to a warm temperature (20 to 25C) or to a

Questions to answer in your lab report. NOTE: some questions pertain to the week 1 exercise, some to week 2, and others to both. How is the amount of temperature variation related to the volume of the water body? How might you measure the speed of temperature change? How would you expect the speed of change to vary with habitat volume? Are water temperatures different than air temperatures? How are they different? Are there any cyclical patterns in the temperature-logged data (“time series”) from Angel? If so, what do you think caused these repeating patterns? Based on the results of this exercise, how might you

The rate of enzyme-catalyzed reaction increases as the temperature is raised (). An increase of temperature by 1-2 degrees may introduce changes of 10%-20% in the results. As the temperature increases the kinetic energy that molecules possess increases as well. This results in more random collisions of substrate and enzymes increasing rate of the chemical reaction, more product is formed (6). The metabolic rate of an organism increases, hence it develops faster. However metabolic activity of the larvae cannot be responsible for high mass temperatures which affect larval development. The heat produced by larvae is normally heat to regulate body temperature.

The purpose of this lab is to analysis goldfish an ectothermic animal affect toward different temperature ranges. The reactions toward the temperatures are taken upon the term of homeostasis, which is regulation for organisms to maintain a steady state while adapting to the conditions that are favorable for survival (Encyclopedia Britannica). In order to achieve a successful homeostasis, many animals use different methods of thermoregulation, which helps maintain the internal temperature of animals. Many methods vary whether the organisms is an endotherm or ectoderm. An endotherm, which includes mammals and birds, is a warm-blooded animal, which maintains a constant body temperature not influenced by the environment (Britannica).

One of the most noticeable forms of homeostasis in Betta splendens is temperature regulation. This is because alterations in water temperature change the metabolic and biochemical functions in fish. (Ostrander, 2000) Enzymes within cells require an optimal temperature for them to function efficiently. The internal temperature of an animal is constantly being reported by sensors in blood vessels to the hypothalamus. After the temperature has been analysed by the hypothalamus, appropriate changes are made, often in the form of behavioural adjustments. The Betta splendens is a poikilothermic animal, an animal whose temperature is dependent on the temperature of their external environment.

A positive correlation was observed between the entropy of activation and environmental temperature, with large negative values for ΔS ‡ for the cold-adapted species and high positive values for the tropical species. Therefore, as temperature increases the entropy of activation causes the Gibbs energy of activation to have a lower value making it more spontaneous with an increase of temperature. On the other hand, there was a positive correlation between enthalpy of activation and environmental temperature, with a range of ΔH ‡ from 6,850 calorie mol-1 for the Antarctic species to 33,300 calorie mol-1 for a species from an equatorial hot springs soda lake. Consequently, as the temperature increases the enthalpy of activation causes the Gibbs energy of activation to have a higher value making it less spontaneous with an increase of

The change in temperature affects the respiration of goldfish. In goldfish, active metabolic rate decreases as temperature is lowered (Johnston and Dunn 1987). The goldfish breathes per minute is decreased as oxygen is required for this activity. A similar experiment conducted supports the result from this experiment that oxygen consumption decreases as temperature decreases (Fry and Hart 1948). The decrease in breathes per minute was observed as the temperature was lowered. The average breathes per minute decreased from 110 to 92 per minute when the temperature was lowered from 22 to 12. So, the null hypothesis that the change in temperature will not affect the breathes of the goldfish was rejected. There were some sources of error for this

(Heldmaier,1981; Kronfeld-schor et al. 2000; Bao et al. 2002; Jefimow et al. 2004; Li and Wang, 2005; Zao and Wang, 2005). These experiments helped discover the many different thermoregulation responses in endotherms and specifically, rodents. Knowing the depth of these studies given above makes investigating this relationship very interesting because we have the ability to discover not only more knowledge about this relationship, but also about the other possible thermoregulatory responses that may occur in endotherms that has not yet been exhibited. R.P. Stated in the Investigating Biology lab manual these variety of responses can also include “photoperiod, ambient temperature, food availability…”(French, 2015). In order to test this relationship and its responses we will test the hypothesis as stated above: Endotherms have a more active metabolic rate when exposed to temperatures above or below ambient due to the thermoregulatory responses to the extreme environment. This study is different from any other that preceded it because it directly compares the responses of thermoregulation in different atmospheres. The study also has the possibility of being published in JIBI. For this new path of experimenting to be published, and

On our arrival we looked for an area deeper in the forest and with flowing water. Taking our tubes, one at a time we filled them up trying to get enough sample with little to no rocks from the stream. We took four samples to make sure the area was well covered. A group we were working with went to the other location, the Campus Pond to gather data from there. They too took tubes to gather data and used two tubes. Once the tubes were filled with the samples we took them back to the lab, the tubes were put on a tube holder. After having the tubes stay still for a few minutes a few drops were put on a wet mount to view under the microscope. The samples were also shaken thoroughly to find more species. We also used a filter. Going through the different samples we tried to find the different amount of species that were in the stream. Looking at different online organism identification websites helped is in identifying the organism. Specifically we looked at a Microscopy-UK pond key. We also used a website called MicroscopyU as well as a Pond Identification Sheet. Calculations were all done on a Microsoft program Excel. All of the organisms were put into our data table. Using the Excel spreadsheet, the sum of species per location and their Shannon index were calculated using the proportions and

Temperature significantly affects the metabolic rate of animals. One can determine the metabolic rate of an animal by the rate of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) it produces or how much oxygen (O2) it consumes (Nespolo et al. 2003). In this lab, one is able to get real life experience of how low and high temperature affect one’s metabolism; in this lab specially the experiment was based on the effects of crickets when placed in cold and room temperature. Metabolism is a process where energy and materials are changed in an organism and it exchanges the organism and its environment. Endotherms use metabolic energy in order to sustain a constant body temperature. In cold atmosphere, endotherms usually make more heat by increasing their metabolic rate. On

was too fast to measure and so for my scale to reach above that, I

Drag is a common force in the universe, and occurs in everyday life especially in water. Mr. Redman states that,” forward is a propelling force; drag is a force that hinders that motion” or is the force acting in opposition to the motion of an object. Parachutes are a great example of this force; when air is trapped in the nylon of a parachute, it creates drag slowing the velocity of the parachutist. Water drag is acted upon swimmers at all times. Hydrodynamics show that materials of the swimmers closely affect drag. Swimmers wear sleek swim caps, shave their body, and wear tightly fitted swimsuits all to reduce friction. Skill level and technique of a swimmer also affect drag resistance.