C. Evaluation of Healthcare
General Guinea health indicators are just as abysmal as economic indicators: on average Guineans live 34 years less than their Canadian counterparts. Why are there so many issues – especially related to inequality – with the Guinean healthcare system? The answer lies in the impact Guinea’s lackluster economic development has had on her health sector.
One key factor is expenditure. There are three categories: government (which goes into directly supplied healthcare services as well as towards national health insurance schemes), private (which is split between out-of-pocket payments for healthcare services at point of delivery and private health insurance), and external sources. Guinea’s largely dysfunctional
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Kaiser Family Foundation 2010). Because of Canada’s well-developed infrastructure, she can afford to spend close to 50% of general government expenditure on healthcare (Canadian Institute of Health Information 2014).
The minimal public expenditure in Guinea over the past decade has focused mainly on urban areas, and has unequally benefited those in the wealthiest income brackets. In 1995, 48% of government expenditure in health benefited the wealthiest 20%, whereas only 4% benefited the poorest fifth. Over the years, budget allocations have remained practically unchanged, and medical personnel are concentrated in large urban centers, with over 60% of health professionals operating in the capital, Conakry. Surveys show that 30 to 40% of Guinean households experience temporary inability to pay for health services whereas the Canadian system is free at the point of use (The World Bank 2006).
Another reason for the disparity in access to healthcare is privatization. In Guinea, private expenditure on healthcare dominates: almost all spending is out-of-pocket spending at point of delivery. In Guinea private health expenditure makes up 89% of total health expenditure, but out-of-pocket expenditure represents 88% of private health expenditure and total health spending per person per year is only $23 (The World Bank 2006). A social contradiction exists here, where only a few exemptions and subsidization mechanisms are in
The Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI) provides detailed information on health care expenditures in Canada, published annually in their National Health Expenditure Trends report. The 2015 report (Canadian Institute for Health Information, 2015) shows total budget has increased modestly from previous years, estimating Canadian health care spending at over $219 billion which represents an increase of 1.6% from previous year (image 1: CIHI total Canadian health care spending).
Many would agree that a worthy, controlled health system, above all, should essentially contribute to good health. The responsibility of a health care system is that the organization of people, institutions, and resources deliver the health care services required and meet the health needs of focus populations. Another duty that the health care systems stimulate is the reduction of inequality to race, gender, social status and religion. Each health care system is different when looking at specific countries across the world, however some countries are more similar than others, such as France and Canada’s health care system. These two countries have numerous similarities when examining their health care systems, conversely that does not denote that both France and Canada are just as equivalent as the other. When observing countless aspects, such as longevity and infant mortality, as well as a lot of the inputs such as doctors or beds per capita, and of course the total expenditure on health as a percentage of GDP over the year, it is seen that France has a better and more enhanced health care system than Canada.
In our world each country has a set of standards to follow in order to establish health care insurance for people in different communities. The state contributes about 40% of all the expenditures on health while the public health sector delivers 80% of the population. Many resources are concentrated in the private health sector. These resources see to the health needs of the remaining 20% of the population. Public health consumes around 11% of the government’s total budget. The way the resources are allotted, and the standard of health care delivered, varies from country to country. Although there are similarities between South Africa and the United States regarding healthcare, South Africa remains at a lower
A Health care system of any country is an important consideration for the purposes of the overall development. One of the most important and essential feature of the human body is the health and the systems. In the same manner, proper management is also necessary. Furthermore, all the countries of the world have few targets and achievements to be made. On the other hand, it should also be noted down that, economic development and social welfare the two most are the two important factors. Economic welfare is connected with the increase in the wealth of the people at large (Niles, 2011).
Providing healthcare coverage to all citizens can be challenging to many countries and only the most developed countries have adequate resources to truly provide universal coverage to their citizens. Still, when coverage and resources are not sufficient, care is rationed through limited supply or limited access. Most countries have mechanisms in place, however, to insure that affordability does not limit access to necessary services.
These inequities in health and social indicators are perfect examples of the affect of political and economic factors that influence access to health services (Browne and Fiske 2001).
Is it possible for two countries which are thousands of kilometers away from each other to have some similarities in their health care system? Health care system is one of the most important and fundamental sectors in any country or region all around the world. Many countries pour a major amount of their overall income to support the health care system. And the main reason behind this tremendous effort provided by the countries all around the world for the health care system is that each country wants to provide a good and high standard health care services for all the population occupying the land whether they were local citizens or Non- local citizens . This essay will compare and contrast the health care system in two wonderful countries:
The healthcare system has come under heavy criticism from experts from all over the world. According to Schroder, 44% of the population has no access to the healthcare system. (Schroder, 2003) There are many clinics which charge are free of cost or are charging lesser fees, but all of these are burdened and do not have the capability to meet the requirements. There are certain ethnic communities that are by enlarge poor who are of the opinion that they have been deliberately been left out of the healthcare system. These have led to the
These scenarios are in complete contrast with some of the countries of poor health care system. One of these countries is Nigeria which has been suffering from a stagnant health care system. Its people either have limited access to health care or none at all. Many blame this problem to the prevalence of fake drugs, AIDS epidemic and the unhealthy lifestyles of the people while others point at the lack of health policy as the culprit.
People are living longer, population is increasing by the day. Public spending is insufficient hence the infusion of private funds can assist in providing the 1st class health service that the people required.
In health care spending, Haiti ranks last in the western hemisphere, spending only US$83 per capita annually on health care. An even more striking figure is that there are only 25 physicians and 11 nurses per 100,000 population, although that number has been increasing recently due to an influx of Cuban trained Haitian doctors (MEDICC). Even in the capital city of Port-au-Prince medical care is limited with doctors and hospitals often requiring immediate cash payment for health services.
The pie-chart above reviews the distribution of National Health Expenditures revealing that a majority of healthcare dollars were spent on hospital care and physician/clinical services. On the other hand, public health activity along with research and structures and equipment constituted only 14.8% of the healthcare expenditure. This disparity in distribution of funds points to a deep-seated neglect in supporting preventive services.
The cost of care has been a growing problem throughout developed nations during the last 15 years. For example, across 34 nations that make up the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the average per capita health care expenditure increased by more than 70 percent between 2000 and 2010. However, the biggest spenders — such as
The residents of Africa are suffering from preventable, treatable, and fatal diseases everyday at a higher rate compared to developed countries. The healthcare crisis in Africa is the primary cause of all these deaths, and includes inefficient healthcare systems. Consequently, African's inefficient healthcare systems results in poor delivery of care and a shortage of health professionals. The healthcare crisis in Africa is a current issue impacting the lives of many African's who don't have the same access to resources as developed countries such as the United States. These resources can save the lives of many African's dying of preventable and curable disease, and understanding why the African continent has little access to them
The major problem, they have within the healthcare industry is the lack of government funding and the total expenditure on health per capita is $109, compared to the $7290 per capita in the United States. Healthcare consumes 4.9% of India’s GDP versus the 16% in the United States. The outcomes equal long lines, fewer facilities and inefficient staff. The supply of healthcare in India is on par with that in sub-Saharan African countries. According to the World Bank, 75% of all health expenditures is in the private sector, where 90% of healthcare costs are paid out-of-pocket.