The six texts that I have chosen for this anthology link to colonisation and show how race and power can take shape in different forms. When thinking of race and power in relation to colonialism, the obvious form it takes is the white European power of the colonisers over the non-white natives of the lands that are being colonised. ‘Christopher Columbus’s Journal Entries’ are a non-fictional account of his voyage to India in 1492. In the introduction he claims that the purpose of the voyage is to promote “the holy Christian Faith”, however the real motivation behind it was Spain’s desire to expand their Empire which would increase their position of power in the world, all at the expense of the countries they conquered. Columbus aimed to elevate the power of his own position and had negotiated the title of ‘High Admiral of the Sea’ as well as the deal that he would earn a percentage of profits from any lands that he discovered. In the extract I have looked at, Columbus sets foot on an island in the Bahamas and is greeted kindly by the natives but despite their warm welcoming he calculates what it would take to take control of the people and pillage the land. Rudyard Kipling’s poem ‘The White Man’s Burden’ was written in a supportive response to the recent victory of America against the Philippines in the Spanish-American war and America’s subsequent colonisation of it. The main idea of the poem is that it is the white man’s duty to work towards civilizing the ‘Half-devil
The main idea behind the voyage was to find a faster route to the Indies, as well as introduce Christianity and The King and Queen to the new world along with its inhabitants. As said by Columbus “Your Highnesses, as Catholic Christians, and princes who love and promote the holy Christian faith, and are enemies of the doctrine of Mahomet, and of all idolatry and heresy, determined to send me, Christopher Columbus, to the above-mentioned countries of India, to see the said princes, people, and territories, and to learn their disposition and the proper method of converting them to our holy faith; and furthermore directed that I should not proceed by land to the East, as is customary, but by a Westerly route, in which direction we have hitherto no certain evidence that any one has gone.” Like said, it shows that Columbus wished to find a faster route, so Spain could easily be able to obtained traded goods which would produce more profit for the country of Spain. This kind of shows that Spain needed to find this route due
Starting in the mid-nineteenth century, Europeans developed a superiority complex when comparing themselves to the people of less-developed nations. During the age of imperialism, many European powers ventured into Asian, African, and South American lands in order to colonize and impose the rules of Western society. Rudyard Kipling’s poem, “The White Man’s Burden”, properly depicted the racist ideals that developed with imperialism, as Europeans believed it was their duty to civilize the people they viewed as savages. Europeans held a racially superior point of view for almost an entire century. In the latter half of the twentieth century, however, waves of immigrants began flooding into various European nations. This caused the perception
“Take up the white man’s burden--send forth the best ye breed--Go bind your sons to exile to serve your captives’ need…” -Rudyard Kipling, The White Man’s Burden, 1897
In document C, Christopher Columbus describes a land that he has discovered an island called Hispana to Spanish Monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella in 1494. The land is vast filled with trees, plains, animals, honey and varieties of metal. These lands made it very suitable for farming, planting, and building houses. Columbus also says “This Hispana, moreover, abounds in different kinds of spices, in gold, and in metals.” Columbus is describing to the Monarchs that there are vast amounts of material in the New World that the Spaniards would find useful to them. When King Charles V creates The New Laws of the Indies for the Good Treatment and Preservation of the Indians, this makes the Indians seem more protected and comfortable with Spain. This leads to being generous towards the Spanish and giving them the goods that they need. On the other hand, while the Iberians get what they want in the trading with the Indians, they can give them items that don't have much value for them, but to the Indians they seem valuable (Document D). The strong Spanish military also helped the expansion of trading and goods in the New World such places like Mexico (Document G). The Iberians could also decide to take these goods by force. In document I, an Indian portrays an image of a European kicking an Indian in the neck with a chest on her back. This displays the the
When Christopher Columbus sailed to the Americas he stole land, kidnapped people and started a massacre. This all started August 3, 1492, when Columbus started his trip to India. According to Document B, “I took possession of all of them for our most fortunate King...no one making any resistance.” This was written by Christopher Columbus in 1493. In this quote he is referring to the people of the islands he discovered, saying that he has kidnapped them for the King. It also states, “ In the island, which I have said before was called Hispana, there are very lofty and beautiful mountains, great farms...and well adapted for constructing buildings.”, which describes reasons they should take over the land. Additionally, according to Document C,
In “The White Man’s Burden,” Rudyard Kipling writes, “Your new-caught, sullen peoples, Half-devil and half child...” Kipling is referring to people that were ‘uncivilized’ in accordance to European standards, and in this case, Africans. This demonstrates the superiority they felt in comparison, and in their minds, giving them the right to go in and civilize these people themselves with religion, clothing, education, etc. Kipling also mentions, “Take up the White Man’s burden—The savage wars of peace—Fill full the mouth of Famine—And big the sickness cease.” By this, Kipling meant it was an obligation for the Europeans to feed the starving and to help the sick. It illustrates the mindset of the Europeans who thought they were sacrificing and help the African colonies by colonizing them, whether it was what they truly believed or a mean to make themselves look better. The nationalistic and superior beliefs that Europeans harbored were significant motives for European imperialism in
Among the more notorious dimensions of the age of exploration and colonization is the impact which this massive wave of maritime transmigration would have on the indigenous populations of those locations where European settlers made landfall. And perhaps no historical figure is as emblematic of this impact than Christopher Columbus, who in his ambition to bring gold, spices and cotton home from the lands he believed to be the West Indies, would help to set off one of the most complete genocides in human history. As the text by McKay et al (2003) demonstrates, Columbus approached the natives that he encountered in the Caribbean with a sense of European superiority that would come to define colonialism and to justify its attendant ethnic cleansing. Indeed, the perspective offered by Columbus is that of a conqueror establishing dominance over a people quite vulnerable to subordination.
In April of 1492, before he came to the New World for the first time, Columbus negotiated a contract with the King and Queen of Spain. This contract entitled him to ten percent of all profits he earned in the New World. Not only did Columbus come for the profits, but he also came to convert the native people to Catholicism. Columbus kept a journal while on his expeditions to the New World, he wrote “They [the Indians] would make fine servants…With fifty men we could subjugate them all and make them do whatever we want.” Columbus knew the power and influence that he had over the Indians and this statement provides evidence that Columbus enslaved the Indians.
Christopher Columbus accepted the only offer he received to start his journey across the ocean to prove his round-earth theory. Columbus, determined to find a new route to India, set sail in 1492. However, instead of India, Columbus landed in a “New World” that he claimed for the country of Spain. The crew aboard Columbus’ ship, and Columbus himself, set out to explore and learn more about their newly claimed lands. After uncovering the island had inhabitants, Columbus and his crew interacted with the natives of the land. During the time that Columbus spent on the island, he recorded, in a journal, his thoughts on the land. Many people believe that he elaborated when describing the area, the natives, and the resources it offers. This led to the questioning of Columbus’ moral character. Inspecting three different sources--Columbus’s Journal, Walt Whitman’s “Prayer of Columbus,” and Joaqin Miller’s “Columbus”-- Columbus’s moral character gets scrutinized.
What was once perceived to be ‘the white man’s burden’ has engulfed all developed nations – we’re all quixotic fools of imperialism. If you think that you’ve heard of ‘the white man’s burden’ before you’re correct, it is a poetic piece by Kipling; written in 1898 for the purpose of the US (United States). The finale verse is poignant to all: "Take up the white man’s burden, have done with childish days, the lighter proffered laurel, the easy, ungrudged praise. Comes now, to search your manhood through all the thankless years, cold edged with dear bought wisdom, the judgement of your peers!" If you find it deficient of beauty and description it’s because the expansion of its meaning shifts in an emporium tenor. I wish to pass this on to Alexis Tsipras.
White man’s Burden is a poem which promotes the exploitation of the Aboriginals. From the its first verse to its end, it makes the concept of imperialism seem like a duty or job which needs to be done. Progressing through the poem, imperialism is viewed as a privilege in which it educates the “half-man, half child”. The poem presents exploitation as a reward to the uneducated. As goes the first verse, “Take up the white man’s burden”, it’s instantly referring to the Europeans.
In one of his most famous poems, Rudyard Kipling said, "Take up the white man's burden!" (146). He was only one of many who believed in the virtues of imperialism in the late nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries. During that period, imperialism was on the rise, and Africa was being swallowed up by competing European nations. The imperialists had many arguments supporting imperialism. They said it was beneficial and, in some cases, essential. Their arguments did not satisfy everyone, but that did not bother them. The justifications ranged from economics to social services, while touching on everything else in between (Hayes 222-3).
The author of the poem, The White Man’s Burden, was Rudyard Kipling who was born in 1865 in Bombay. As a young person, he lived in India, but at the age of six he was taken to England and left for five years at a foster home at Southsea so that he could receive a formal British education. He went to school in England and continued his education before returning to his home place of Bombay in 1882, where he worked as a journalist for seven years. Kipling was an accomplished journalist, writer, poet and author. Kipling’s work was influenced by the Imperialistic era in which he lived. During this era of Imperialism, European powers practiced a foreign policy of expanding its influence around the world; both peacefully and by force .Kipling witnessed the loss of lives on both sides, the British and the inhabitants of India, but still believed that the British had a right to control India and also a responsibility to civilize the Indians. This belief was reflected in his poem, The White Man’s Burden, which was originally published in February of 1899, under the title An Address to the United States.
Rudyard Kipling’s 1899 poem “The White Man’s Burden” epitomizes the European man’s view on imperialism, Euro-centrism and social Darwinism. Four centuries before 1899, such ideas were briefly hinted in the letter from Christopher Columbus to King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella, however by 1899 these attitudes strengthened and developed fully into their complete meaning. The U.S and Europe’s imperialism in the nineteenth century were the most influential ever in the history of human civilization. The immense motive for imperialism came from social factors including religion and Social Darwinism.
At the close of the 19th century Rudyard Kipling preserved the prevailing attitude of Britain’s intellectual elite in a poem - “The White Man’s Burden”. In his work Kipling confirms the hubris of a generation of Britons who were entirely convinced that they were culturally, rationally, and morally superior to the “new-caught…Half-devil and half-child” natives of the British colonies. This belief in the superiority of western values manifested in the flight of thousands of philanthropically minded Victorians across the British Empire. These emigrants consisted of a section of society driven to do their duty and fulfil the “national