Howard Gardner 's Theory Of Multiple Intelligences And Learning

Howard Gardner has came up with seven clear intelligences Visual-Spatial, Bodily-kinesthetic, Musical, Interpersonal, Intrapersonal, Linguistic, and Logical-Mathematical that outline individual's strengths and are designed based on different tasks, problem solving, and progress in various types of domains. According to Gardner's theory "we are all able to know the world through language, logical-mathematical analysis, spatial representation, musical thinking, the use of the body to solve problems or to make things, an understanding of other individuals, and an understanding of ourselves”(Lane , C. (n.d.). Multiple Intelligences). Visual-Spatial in Gardner's theory is when a person is taught how to remember things through drawings and verbal and physical imagery. Bodily-kinesthetic is used when a person uses communication through there body language, like role playing, hands on learning,

In “A Rounded Version: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences”, Howard Gardner illustrates how there are a variety of intelligences. Gardner starts off with an example how IQ tests may predict achievement in school but may not predict achievement in life. After finding out certain parts of the brain are responsible for certain functions, such as “Broca’s Area” which is responsible for sentence production, Gardner proposes the existence of multiple intelligences. Multiple studies later led him to propose seven distinct intelligences; Musical, bodily-kinesthetic, logical-mathematical, linguistic, spatial, interpersonal, and intrapersonal. Each intelligence has certain classifications. According to Gardner’s classifications, I realized my intelligences are bodily-kinesthetic, logical-mathematical, and intrapersonal.

Gardner's theory consisted of seven intelligences the first is linguistic ability, which enables us to read, write, and speak well. The second is logical/ mathematical ability which

Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence theory challenged traditional beliefs in the field of education and cognitive science. He is a psychologist professor at Harvard University's Graduate School of Education. According to a traditional definition, intelligence is a uniform cognitive capacity people are born with. Simply put, intelligence is the ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills. Gardner’s theory of Multiple Intelligences proposes that all human beings possess each of the nine intelligences in varying amounts. In addition, he claims that these intelligences are located in different parts of the brain which can work together or independent of each other, and that the multiple intelligences can be strengthened or weakened depending how you treat each intelligence. The nine intelligences are as follows:

     A renowned professor of education and psychology at Harvard University, Howard Gardner has radically changed the way we look at intelligence. In 1983 Gardner published the first of two books that theorize that there are multiple intelligences. Gardner believes “that human cognitive competence is better described in terms of a set of abilities, talents, or mental skills, which we call “intelligence” (378). Gardner’s theory dismisses the idea that intelligence is a single attribute of the mind and suggests that there are different types of intelligences that account for different human

For Gardner, it is not a unitary whole that groups different specific capacities, but a net work of autonomous, relatively interrelated groups. For Howard Gardner, intelligence is a biopsychological information potential that can be activated in one or more cultural frameworks to solve problems or create product that have value for such frames

Overall, Gardner came up with nine types of intelligences. However, this essay will only cover three of them: verbal/linguistic, body-kinesthetic, and logical/mathematical. This essay will also cover several examples of each type of intelligence. Gardner also had some critics criticizing his research which will also be included throughout the essay.

Howard Gardner of Harvard has identified seven distinct intelligences. This hypothesis have emerged from recent cognitive research and "documents the extent to which students possess different kinds of ideas and therefore get a line, remember, perform, and understand in different ways," according to Gardner (1991). According to this theory, "we are all able to know the world through language, logical-mathematical analysis, spatial representation, musical thinking, the use of the body to solve problems or to make things, an understanding of other individuals, and an apprehension of ourselves.

Musical Intelligence, Intrapersonal Intelligence, Spatial Intelligence, to name just a few. These are examples of Howard Gardner’s understanding of the unconscious mind. Gardner believes that all humans exhibit a range of different intelligences, that can not necessarily be discovered by the use of standardized intelligence quotient testing. His theory of Multiple Intelligences is one that details the possibilities of those few whom we can safely call prodigies. Gardner believes that schools should adapt curriculums to support his theory.

What determines intelligence? According to Howard Gardner, intelligence cannot be universally subjected to one exclusive element. In his book Frames of Mind, he expands the dimension of intelligence through pluralizing the term to recognize different kinds of aptitudes. Originally, Gardner acknowledged that there were seven different branches of intelligence. Today, one’s intelligence can be understood in terms of nine different types. These multiple intelligences can be classified into the following categories: linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, spatial, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalistic, and existential. However, these multiple branches are not entirely independent from one another,

The theory of multiple intelligences was originated by Howard E. Gardner and was publicized in 1983 in his book, Frames of Mind: The Theory of

Howard Gardner said, “Anything that is worth teaching can be presented in many different ways. These multiple ways can make use of our multiple intelligence.” Howard Gardner has written a book about a theory he called the Multiple Intelligences theory, in which Gardner states that people have one main intelligence from which they learn. There are eight different intelligences, according to Gardner, explaining how people learn best and the different strengths of learning they exhibit. Although Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences theory has been around since the 1980s, it is still relevant and useful to those in all areas of the education process. Some people believe that Howard Gardner’s theory is too broad and difficult to write a curriculum around. It has been proven, however, in certain instances, that the utilization of this theory raises students’ scores and their success rates.

The theory of multiple intelligences was developed by Dr. Howard Gardner in 1983. The Theory of Multiple Intelligences is a critique of the standard psychological view of intellect: there is a single intelligence, adequately measured by IQ or other short answer tests. Instead, on the basis of evidence from disparate sources, the theory claims that human beings have a number of relatively discrete intellectual capacities. IQ tests assess linguistic and logical-mathematical intelligence, and sometimes spatial intelligence; they are a reasonably good predictor of who will do well in school. This is because humans have several other significant intellectual capacities (Harvard University).

Although intelligence is a concept, there are many definitions that try to describe and interpret intelligence for people. One of the many definitions is the “capacity to understand” (World English Dictionary: Intelligence). This definition is describing intelligence and giving one facet of the diamond that is the various definitions of intelligence. This simple definition is often used by many common people, but a more in depth definition is “the ability to derive information, learn from experience, adapt to the environment, understand, and correctly utilize thought and reaction” (APA Dictionary of Psychology: Intelligence). This definition delves deeper into intelligence and paints a general picture of intelligence but is unable to define intelligence for a simple reason. Intelligence is a concept and thus is impossible to completely define by one comprehensive definition.

Howard Gardner recognizes that intelligence is more than the single logical-mathematical processing of stored facts that intelligence tests assess. He views intelligence as problem-solving, problem-creating, and problem-finding across a range of situations. There are a total of eight Multiple Intelligences: Logical-Mathematical, Linguistic, Musical, Spatial, Bodily-Kinesthetic, Interpersonal, Intrapersonal, and lastly, Naturalist Intelligence. These Intelligences allow educators to carefully integrate several content areas within a specific curricula.