Human Anatomy Case Study

A 68 year old male presented to the emergency department at 0800 hours via ambulance after experiencing chest discomfort and intermittent palpitations since 0500 hours. Prior to presentation, the patient stated he

Her blood pressure may be lower than normal because of her weight being so low, her heart doesn’t have as much “body” to pump out too, also because of her possible nutrition problems this can cause the heart to not function correctly.

1. Name the circulatory system that carries blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart.

The structure that furnishes the axis for the rotation of the head from side to side is the:

P4- Explain the physiology of two named body systems in relation to energy metabolism in the body.

A mink is a good specimen to study the human anatomy because it is so closely related in internal features to that of a human being. Since these features are so closely related it provides a sort of “model” that can be used in order to better understand the anatomy of humans.

The concentration of dissolved substances is less in the extracellular fluid than in the cytoplasm. Hypotonic Solution Concentration of dissolved substances (solute) Concentration of water (solvent) What happens to an animal cells? Inside the cell Greater Less Outside the cell Less Greater Membrane

History: Martha Wilmington, a 74-year-old woman with a history of rheumatic fever while in her twenties, presented to her physician with complaints of increasing shortness of breath ("dyspnea") upon exertion. She also noted that the typical swelling she's had in her ankles for years has started to get worse over the past two months, making it especially difficult to get her shoes on toward the end of the day. In the past week, she's had a decreased appetite, some nausea and vomiting, and tenderness in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen.

Exercise 4: Endocrine System Physiology: Activity 1: Metabolism and Thyroid Hormone Lab Report Pre-lab Quiz Results You scored 100% by answering 6 out of 6 questions correctly. 1. Which of the following statements about metabolism is false? You correctly answered: d. All of the energy from metabolism is ultimately stored in the chemical bonds of ATP. 2. Thyroxine is You correctly answered: c. the most important hormone for maintaining the metabolic rate and body temperature. 3. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is You correctly answered: b. produced in the pituitary gland. 4. An injection of TSH to an otherwise normal animal will cause which of the following? You correctly answered: d. goiter development 5. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone

The Principles of Human Anatomy 13th Edition is an introductory course book on anatomy. Anatomy offers a great path for pursuing a number of health related professions. The knowledge gained offers a deeper understanding of the human body function as well as diagnosis and treatment of diseases at advanced levels. The text offers concise and clearly written narrative on the structure of human body as well as insights into the connection between the structures and function. There is also a series of practical applications and relevant case studies that are helpful in everyday application and career advancement. The text is written by Gerard Tortora and Mark Nielsen. Gerard Tortora is a biology professor at Bergen Community College in

Anatomy and physiology are like two sides of a sheet of paper: they describe the study of different things, but yet they are so closely related. Simply put, anatomy is the study of the structure of body parts, whereas physiology is the study of the functions and relationships of body parts (Tortora & Derrickson, nd, pg. 1). There is a commonly used language of special terms that health-care professionals and scientists use when referring to body functions and their functions (Tortora & Derrickson, nd, pg. 12). For example, the erect position of the body with the face directed forward, the arms at the side, and the palms of the hands facing forward, used as a reference in describing the relation of body parts to one another, would be defined as the Anatomical Position (Tortora & Derrickson, nd, pg. 12).

Identify a related pair of medical, anatomical, or physiology terms that has given you difficulty.

The mandible is a U-shaped bone that supports the lower teeth and makes up the lower facial skeleton. It has no bony attachments to the skull. It is suspended below the maxilla by muscles, ligaments, and other soft tissues, which therefore provide the mobility necessary to function with the maxilla. The superior aspect of the arch-shaped mandible consists of the alveolar process and the teeth. The body of the mandible extends posteroinferiorly to form the mandibular angle and posterosuperiorly to form the ascending ramus. A vertical plate of bone that extends upward as two processes forms the ascending ramus of the mandible. The anterior of these is the coronoid process; the posterior is the condyle.(13)

In the case of Martha, she had an episode of rheumatic fever in her twenties. Rheumatic fever, of which is an illness brought on by Streptococcus A, produces a protein that attaches to the cell wall of an organism causing inflammation. This can affect the heart and cause pancarditis, which is an infection of the entire heart. Endocarditis is the portion of pancarditis that causes valvular disorders. Though the pulmonic valve is not commonly affected, it is still a possibility. The valve apparatus can become fused leading to stenosis years after a rheumatic fever episode that is acute, and damage can become progressive if there are subsequent episodes (Chin, 2014). With Martha 's murmur being low in pitch and more of a rumbling, it is considered a narrowing of the valve or stenosis. The murmur is located left of the sternal border and in the upper portion. This is the pulmonic valve region, which would make this a pulmonic valve stenosis (Rao, 2014). According to Rao (2014), the murmur is due to the leaflets of the pulmonic valve not completely opening. This causes a resistance of the blood flowing foward through the valve, which happens during systole of the ventricles. This further causes a turbulence of the blood and makes the sound of the murmur. Pulmonic valve stenosis can then lead to ventricular hypertrophy of the right ventricle, which is proportional to how obstructed the valve becomes (Rao, 2014).

When a scene first starts, there are no endorphins in the submissive and even fairly light torment is very stingy and, well, painful! Fortunately, the body keeps an endorphin reserve in place ready to release in case of an emergency. This reserve endorphin load is released after just a few minutes of even relatively mild stimulation building to a mild climax, and suddenly the pain threshold clearly rises. Now, the subject can easily tolerate what may have been pushing the limits before, making him jump around and squirm, for instance. This new, more pain-tolerant state is Level One. There is no altered state of consciousness yet, but there is an increased pain threshold.