Human Immunodeficiency Virus And Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

In 1920, HIV originated in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo when it crossed species from chimpanzees to humans. Up until the 1980s, researchers did not know how many people were infected with this disease. HIV was completely unknown and the transmission was not connected with the noticeable signs or symptoms. Also, HIV may have already spread to five continents of the world: North America, South America, Europe, Africa and Australia. In this period, between 100,000 and 300,000 people could have already been infected. In June 1982, a of cases among gay men in Southern California suggested that the cause of the Human immune deficiency or HIV was sexually transmitted. This disease was initially called gay-related immune deficiency or “GRID”.

HIV is a sexually transmitted disease that attacks the body’s immune system by diminishing CD4 cells that help prevent and fight illnesses. HIV is a virus, more specifically a retrovirus that transcribes its RNA into the host cell’s DNA, and is spread by a transfer in bodily fluids namely drug injection and condomless sex. As the disease progresses into acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), the virus continues eliminating CD4 cells until the immune system becomes virtually ineffective [5]. Scientists first identified HIV in 1985 in response to the AIDS crisis plaguing the United States [6]. With no cure yet available, those affected with HIV must rely on antiretroviral drug therapy to decrease their chances of developing AIDS [7].

The first reported cases of AIDS in the U.S were in the early 1980's (Holland). A number of gay men in New York and California began

As early as 1930, a cross-spices viral transmission of simian immunodeficiency viruses took hold between African primates and the native people. Subsequently, this crossover underwent mutations and adapted to the human host, resulting in an undetected, yet devastating retrovirus that slowly spread among the African people (Sharp & Hahn, 2011). By 1960, and still undetected the virus escaped Africa’s borders and made entry to other parts of the world, first Hatti followed by the United States (Hildreth & Alcendor, 2009). Consequently, by 1980 this undetected virus reared its ugly head while leaving a global path of destruction by infecting “between 100,000 and 300,000 people” (AVERT, 2016, para. 2) while claiming the lives of countless others. The first signs of trouble surfaced when in 1981, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported in Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) on five cases of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) among five otherwise healthy gay men in Los Angeles (CDC, 2001). Subsequently, this report gained the attention of the medical field and in response, they began the arduous task of connecting the dots.

The history of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome in the United States starts in 1981, the year it became recognized by country as an official new strange disease. By 1982 it was recognized as Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). It started in San Francisco, with five young homosexual men, they were presented with Pneumonia (PCP). As the year went on there were more reports of homosexual men presenting PCP and some of them were diagnosed with PCP and Kaposi´s Sarcoma (KS). Others reports from drug injection users follow the same syndromes. All of these individuals shared a profound immunodeficiency, the hallmark of which was a depletion of CD4-positive, or T-helper, lymphocytes (Osmond, 2003). The Centers for Disease Control (CDC)

Few phenomena have changed the face of sexuality as dramatically as the appearance nearly 30 years ago of the microscopic virus known as HIV, or human immunodeficiency virus. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HIV s the virus that can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, or AIDS (CDC, 2013). AIDS is a medical condition that is named because HIV is acquired and subsequently affects the body’s immune system to the point where it often becomes deficient in combating disease causing organisms, resulting a group of symptoms that collectively indicate or characterize a disease or syndrome. The World Health Organization states that HIV continues to be a major global public health issue, having claimed more than

The evolution of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) was originated from acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a pandemic disease in which creates unembellished harm of body cellular immunity and promotes decrease resistance to infection. This disease was formally predictable in patients of the United States in 1981 and the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated in 1988 that “five to ten million people worldwide are infected with AIDS” (Hunt 1989 p. 353-373). However the main catalyst of HIV was derived from the original host of an infectious chimpanzee in West Africa referred to as simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) (Sharp & Hahn 2010). The recent article ‘The Evolution of HIV-1 and the Origin of AIDS’ illustrated by Sharp and Hahn (2010) proposes that there is a likelihood of transportation of the disease between chimpanzee to human beings through “exposure to infected blood and body fluids during the butchery of bush meat”. It was put forward, that after years of observation, it was established that women who were diagnosed SIV-positive had a fertility reduction in regards to the

HIV, Human Immunodeficiency virus first became known to us in the early 1980s. HIV dominated the news front as its societal repercussions were enormous. It compromised ones immune system and jeopardized an individual’s ability to have relationships. It was a physically and socially debilitating disease, and getting infected meant becoming ostracized and having a reduced life expectancy. In the early years of the epidemic, AIDS was unfamiliar. No one was quite sure of what is was, and it was feared, without any available treatment and often lead to death. The fact that it was prevalent among the gay communities only further stimulated social stigma against

It is estimated that 34 million people are currently diagnosed worldwide with HIV (Bakhshaee, Sarvghad,, Khazaeni, Movahed, Hoseinpour, 2014, para. 1). HIV consist of two strains of the virus, HIV-1 and HIV-2. The HIV-1 strain is more commonly seen worldwide and can progress rapidly (Darby, 2015, 861). “HIV-1 is transmitted via sexual intercourse, sharing of bodily fluids, and intravenous substance abuse, and during pregnancy and childbirth” (Haveles, 2011, 110). The slower progression of the two strains is the HIV-2 strain, most commonly seen in West Africa and is related to the sooty mangabey monkey (Darby, 2015, 861). HIV is a retrovirus that prevents the normal host response of the immune system from

The human immunodeficiency virus, known more commonly as HIV or by the syndrome it ultimately leads to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or AIDs, is caused by a RNA retrovirus.1 Morphologically, the virus appears spherical in shape and is enveloped made from two layers – both being primarily built using lipids taken from host cell membranes.2 Specifically, human cell membranes are taken up by the virus as it buds from the host cell2 after the host cell approaches death from the inability to meet its own physiological needs. Likewise, because the hosts’ membrane coats or more accurately ‘envelopes’ the virus, the hosts’ proteins are embedded within the membrane and on the membrane’s surface as well.2 However, the last essential

Human Immunodeficiency Virus or HIV is a Lentivirus. HIV like all other viruses attacks the immune system. In case most of viruses our immune

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is an organism known as a retrovirus. Like any virus, HIV must use the cells of another organism – its host – to survive and reproduce. HIV is adapted to using the cells of the human immune system. HIV has its origin in the transmission of simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) from non-human primates, mainly chimpanzees, to humans. Such

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the causative agent responsible for the most common sexually transmitted disease in the world known as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (Handsfield, 2011). HIV/AIDS has been existent for over three decades, and the occurrence of AIDS was first clinically identified in 1981 among five men in Los Angeles, California exhibiting symptoms of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) and whom were also sexually active with other men (De Cock, Jaffe, & Curran, 2012). The causative agent of AIDS was later identified to be HIV and it continues to affect several individuals worldwide. It is estimated that 35.3 million people are living with HIV globally and is deemed a global burden (Maartens, Celum, & Lewin, 2014)(De Cock et al., 2012).

The world is changing. This definitely indicates that men have made progress in all dimensions of life. People are more knowledgeable, fast, task oriented and problem-solving. But even after the progress of science and technology man is living with the fear of unknown. Every answer we find leads us to several other questions; the more we learn the less we know. Science has achieved milestones yet, there are many phenomena to be understood and their management is yet to be discovered. Acquired Immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a deadly infectious disease caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) that enfeebles the immune system increasing the risk of infections. Human Immunodeficiency virus is transmitted primarily by blood transfusions, contaminated needles, unprotected sex and exchange of body fluid such as saliva, tears, and breastfeeding. AIDS was first reported by Center For Disease Control (CDC) in gay men in 1981. According to CDC, more than 1.2 million people in the United States are living with HIV infection over the last decade; out of which 12.8 % are unaware of their status (HIV/AIDS Statistics Center). Statistical analysis shows that the number of male diagnosed with AIDS was 29,418 that comprises 67% of the total patients diagnosed with AIDS in 2014 (HIV/AIDS Statistics Center). The outburst AIDS epidemic has caused gay community in the United States of America to create several support service organizations, This has resulted in the formation of Gay Men 's

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been a prominent global issue for many years. HIV is similar to other viruses that humans can attain, but instead of your immune system working in your favor to get rid of the virus, the opposite occurs. HIV can remain undetected for a substantial amount of time and as a result, it has the ability to attack important cells in your immune system that help combat infections (What is, 2014). As time goes on, your body loses so many of these cells that nothing is helping your body fight away these infections. Unfortunately this ultimately leads to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) if not treated in time. HIV can only spread by coming in contact with body fluids that have already been infected with HIV (Cohen, Pilcher, 2005).