Hundred Year's War

This case record will tell us about four notorious traitors to the French crown that fascinatingly were born of noble birth, all being lords of various French villages. All the criminals mentioned M. Godfrey de Harcourt, M. Olivier de Clisson, M. Jehan lord of Rigny, M. Henri de Malestroit, and other knights and squires were upper class citizens that committed treason against the King of France and then experienced punishments that were usually given out to people of lower class, due to the gravity of their crimes. This court record could be used for historians to see why kings and justices ordered certain punishments for

In 1776, rebellion brakes out against the new British regulations and Britannia declares war against the colonies. The Brits dominates the war until France, The Netherlands and Spain become involved in the war, and support the colonies. In 1883, The Great Britain has to give up the war in fear of losing more than just the American colonies. The war is officially over, and the thirteen states is

← Doyle, William. The French Revolution: A Very Short Introduction. New York: Oxford University Press, Inc. 2001

It is largely acknowledged by historians that, while it is difficult to be definitive in the meaning of chivalry-with Maurice Keen believing it to be a ‘word elusive of definition’- it came to denote the culture of a martial estate which ‘regarded war as its hereditary profession’. Thus, it could be considered that the violence of war had large implications on what people began to perceive to be chivalry. Additionally, the focus on violence- such as the participating in tournaments and jousts- further emphasises the close link between carrying out violent acts and the idea that a knight was being chivalrous.

In Beowulf, Beowulf embodies chivalry in his quest for treasure and riches to sustain his kingdom. In Terry Gilliam’s Monty Python and the Holy Grail, the Black Knight embodies chivalry by manning his post at a bridge and protecting it. Despite their different motivations for being chivalrous, both Beowulf and the Black Knight demonstrate how chivalry is unsustainable due to its insatiable demands. To defend my thesis, I will be discussing how each text defines chivalry, how the characters in their respective text embody chivalry, what motivates each character to be chivalrous, and why both characters show how chivalry is unsustainable.

Why did the feudal order of Medieval society fall apart? The feudal order of the Middle Ages was a system of local rule, where powerful lords gave land and protection in exchange for loyalty and military service from lesser lords. Tradition dictated that this exchange would be held in place by the feudal contract, consisting of multiple pledges. This resulted in small communities consisting of one powerful lord, peasants, and serfs who worked for the lord. These people gave their loyalty locally, and had no sense of nationalism. This type of society was predominant in the Early Middle Ages, but soon started to fall apart during the Late Middle Ages. One major event that contributed to the fall of the feudal society was the Hundred Years’ War. This war was fought between England and France, lasting for a total of 116 years. During the war, peasant uprisings became frequent, as the inordinate cost of military campaigns resulted in heavier taxes. Events such as these were caused by the Hundred Years’ War and further contributed to the decline of feudalistic society. The Hundred Years’ War was the most important cause of the fall of the feudal order, acting as a turning point in Medieval society by marking the transition from feudal knights to the masses of common foot soldiers, changing the balance of power within Medieval social hierarchies, and strengthening nationalism while creating a more modern militaristic society.

In the novel, Le Morte d’Arthur by Thomas Malory, Malory recounts the popular tale of King Arthur and the noble knights of the round table. However, Malory mirrored the Arthurian court in disposition to the current government by analyzing his ties to politics and life experiences. England encountered many difficulties during the 1500s and 1600s, for it was constantly in war while fearing its own revolution within its own government. Sir Thomas Malory lived dangerously as he constantly participated in heinous crimes, though being a knight of chivalry, however, the experiences of being a low-life citizen as well as an understanding of the government led Malory to write his own version of the Arthurian legend during imprisonment. Malory altered the legend to exhibit that chivalry contradicts with courtly love, where it will eventually lead to shame and loss of loyalty through his own experiences.

While reading history, we typically see that wars were typically fought with soldiers in close- order formations with a musket that would be fired in unison on command. Everything changed after the American Civil War, a conflict to determine the fate of slaves in the Union, erupted. Today many historians consider the Civil War as the first modern war because it depended on: heavy industry, fast communication and transportation. But this time all of these new technologies were used to its full potential. As a result new weapon technology was mass produced which inflicted heavy losses on both the Union and the Confederate sides and resulted in

The revolution of 1895 of the Thousand Day War started in the interior of Colombia, it did not even spread to Panama and had nothing to do with the independence of that section. The war lasted 1,130 days. The war started on October 17, 1899 and ended on November 21, 1902.

During the mid-1700’s, British American Colonists were questioning their place under the British crown. The Colonists were proud to be part of the British Empire, especially after the recent victories of the French and Indian war, which gave the colonist a sense of pride and patriotism. However, British Parliament began to pass legislation that had laid a burden on the Colonists, as well as oppression. The Colonists began to question the power of the Crown, whether the idea of a Monarchy was a primitive style of government. They believed officers passing/enforcing laws were neglecting the authority of the King, which lead some radical Whigs to accuse the King of being an incompetent enforcer of human rights. Bridges built between the colonist and the mother country were beginning to deteriorate as colonist began to realize that the King was not concerned about the interests and concerns of the colonies. This would eventually lead to protests and a movement to establish a government that was influenced by the people of the colonies and not by civilians of the mother country.

Why did the feudal order of Medieval society fall apart? The feudal order of the Middle Ages was a system of local rule, where powerful lords gave land and protection in exchange for loyalty and military service from lesser lords. Tradition dictated that this exchange would be held in place by the feudal contract, consisting of multiple pledges. This resulted in small communities consisting of one powerful lord, peasants, and serfs who worked for the lord. These people gave their loyalty locally, and had no sense of nationalism at all. This type of society was predominant in the Early Middle Ages, but soon started to fall apart during the Late Middle Ages. One major event that contributed to the fall of the feudal society was the Hundred Years’ War. This war was fought between England and France, lasting for a total of 116 years. During the war, peasant uprisings became frequent, as the inordinate cost of military campaigns resulted in heavier taxes. Events such as these were caused by the Hundred Years’ War and further contributed to the decline of feudalistic society. The Hundred Years’ War was a turning point in Medieval feudal society, by marking the transition from feudal armies to the masses of mercenary soldiers, changing the balance of power within Medieval social hierarchies, and strengthening nationalism while creating a more modern militaristic society. The greatest cause of the fall of feudalism in the late Middle Ages

The Hundred Years War, a 116 year war struggle from 1337 to 1453 was a war that raged between the most powerful European empires of their time, France and England. The rulers of the Kingdom of England and Kingdom of France got in a war over the secession to the French throne. The French king did not leave a son to rule, so the English king declared he should be king of both lands because women were not fit to rule. The war was fought mostly in French land and played an immense role on shaping both kingdoms and the world in multiple ways. The Hundred Year’s Was significant because it developed national pride, revolutionized warfare, and destroyed the French and British economy.

Throughout The Hundred Years War, many knights continued to strive towards chivalry. Even at Agincourt many knights on both sides of the battlefield refused to dismount from their horses. This proves that there was at least some truth in what Froissart writes about. Chivalry certainly did exist at least theoretically and at the very least it was a lifestyle that at least some tried to live by. Desmond Seward went as far as to describe the French battle tactics as similar to those used in modern warfare. His description certainly gives us an idea as to the extent that warfare was changing. No longer would there be hand to hand combat on horseback. Warfare had changed and it was changing in such a way that it would not be altered into the future.

The economic system of feudalism is largely a land based system; a noble was granted land by the king and in return for the land the noble would give military aid and perform other services for the king based on the agreement between the king and the noble. This economic system changed as time went on, the biggest change in the economic system is seen during the Hundred Years’ War. At the start of the war, the English monarchy established an entire governmental branch dedicated to financing the war. As a result, England had spent more money to finance the war than the national economies were able to generate. The English monarchy used heavy taxation, levies, tithes, loans, debasement, and other such means to generate the money to fund the

The 19th century was characterized by a constant series of wars across the entire European Continent. War at this time in Europe was undergoing a substantial change in way conflict was initiated and executed. During the 19th century many nations funneled nationalistic pride and newfound industrial strength in to creating a militaristic state in effort to preemptively defend themselves against the other great powers due to a fragile balance of power set by the Congress of Vienna; which laid the groundwork for a long series of very important and devastating wars consisting mainly of the Crimean War, the wars to unify Germany, and WWI.