Hydrogen Peroxide Essay

Sulfuric acid - was used to stop the reaction with catalase and hydrogen peroxide. It denatured the enzyme (catalase) and halted the reaction so the amount of hydrogen peroxide decomposed could be measured.

H2O2 is commonly known as hydrogen peroxide and it is a strong oxidizer and a naturally produced compound in humans as a by-product of oxidative metabolism. Because of this, humans also produce the enzyme catalase peroxidases in order to convert small amounts of H2O2 into oxygen and water. It uses the following chemical formula:

peroxide (H2O2). The enzyme breaks H2O2 into water and oxygen. The production of the oxygen

5. Assume the density of the commercial bleach is 1.08 g/mL. Calculate the average percent by mass of NaClO in the commercial bleach.

Introduction: The rate of a reaction is the speed at which a chemical reaction happens. If a reaction has a low rate, that means the molecules combine at a slower speed than a reaction with a high rate. Some reactions take hundreds, maybe even thousands, of years while others can happen in less than one second. (Chem for Kids, 2016). Reactions require collisions between reactant molecules or atoms. The formation of bonds requires atoms to come close to one another. New bonds can form only if the atoms are close enough together to share electron. Higher temperatures make the collisions between molecules more violent. The higher temperatures mean higher velocities. This means there will be less time between collisions. The frequency of collisions will increase. (Chem, 1999) H2O2 is the chemical formula for hydrogen peroxide. The decomposition of hydrogen peroxide will break down into oxygen and water.

The purpose of this experiment was to simply measure oxygen production rates released from decomposed hydrogen peroxide under different conditions (concentration of enzymes, temperature, and PH level).

Write a balanced equation for the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen. You will first need to determine the product for the reaction. (If you have trouble with determining the product, use Google.)

In radical halogenations lab 1-chlorobutane and 5% sodium hypochlorite solution was mixed in a vial and put through tests to give a product that can then be analyzed using gas chromatography. This experiment was performed to show how a radical hydrogenation reaction works with alkanes. Four isomers were attained and then relative reactivity rate was calculated. 1,1-dichlorobutane had 2.5% per Hydrogen; 1,2-dichlorobutane had 10%; 1,3-dichlorobutane had 23%; and 1,4-dichlorobutane had 9.34% per Hydrogen.

In this week’s lab experiment, the rate of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide forming oxygen gas will be observed and studied. Since the rate of a chemical reaction is dependent on two things; the concentrations of the reactants and the temperature at which the process is performed, the rate can be measured at which a reactant disappears or at which a product appears. When measuring the rate, the rate law will be applied. The objective of this lab is to demonstrate how the rate changes with varying initial concentrations of hydrogen peroxide by measuring the rate at which oxygen is evolved.

Experiment 3 - Chromatography – Analyzing Analgesics by TLC and Isolation of β–Carotene by Column Chromatography

The chemical hydrogen peroxide(H₂O₂) is broken down by the enzyme catalase. Hydrogen peroxide is a byproduct formed in cellular reactions that, if not broken down, could inflict severe damage to the cell. Catalase is an enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide in to water and oxygen. How efficient and strong the enzymes reaction to break down H₂O₂ determines largely on temperature and pH level. An enzyme only functions within a set pH and temperature range. Beyond that it becomes denatured, rendering it useless. The purpose of this lab is to determine at which temperature and pH level the enzyme catalase reacts best. Catalase in chicken and beef livers will be used to do the lab because enzymes still function after death as long as they are kept refrigerated at a low temperature.

Part 3 of the experiment utilized Spectrophotometry to determine the iron content in the iron (III) oxalate complex. The results were combined with findings from Part 1 and

HCl is known as Hydrogen chloride in its gas state, but when in the presence of water, it is known as hydrochloric acid(PubChem). Hydrochloric acid is extremely corrosive and has uses in both laboratories and industrial settings(PubChem). This acid can cause short term complications such as irritation to the eyes and nose or it can leave long term effects like dermatitis and chronic bronchitis (PubChem). Sodium hydroxide is a base that neutralizes acids and when in liquid form it has a higher density than water (PubChem). The compound is used in various textile industries (PubChem). NaOH can be corrosive to metals and is toxic if ingested (PubChem).

Hydrogen peroxide is a toxic byproduct of cellular functions. To maintain hydrogen peroxide levels the catalase enzyme deconstructs hydrogen peroxide and reconstructs the reactants into oxygen gas and water. The catalase enzyme is found inside cells of most plants and animals. Regulating the levels of hydrogen peroxide is crucial in homeostasis and analyzing it’s optimal conditions for performance is just as important. To understand the optimal environment for this enzyme, they are put into different environments based off protein activity (enzymes are proteins). Catalase samples will be put into different hydrogen peroxide environments based off pH and temperature. The more active the enzyme, the more oxygen and water it will produce. Enzyme activity can be seen through the release of oxygen in the hydrogen peroxide. Since oxygen cannot be accurately measured, the data will consist of the longevity of the reaction in different environments. If the pH is higher than 7, then the reaction rate will increase due to the ample amount of hydrogen ions in the hydrogen peroxide. However the pH level cannot be higher than 10 or else there will be too many hydrogen atoms in the peroxide for the enzyme to be able to deconstruct them. If the temperature is increased, then the reaction rate will increase due to the ample amount of energy and movement in the hydrogen peroxide and enzyme.

In today’s society chemicals, whether you like it or not are a fact of life. Many people are afraid of chemicals and their effects on them and the environment. This is understandable because the truth of the matter is that chemicals can do some horrible things to humans, animals and the whole ecosystem. Some would say that chemicals should be done away with for these reasons. But this certainly is not true and most likely impossible. Chemicals can also have some very positive effects on our lives. Some uneducated people would argue that there should not be restrictions on chemicals. This is just as crazy as saying that chemicals should be done away with. If chemicals are regulated and people abide