Hypertension: A Case Study

Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, has become a major risk factor for several types of heart disease across the globe. In the United States alone, nearly 70 million adults have been diagnosed with this condition [1]. Hypertension is a condition in which arterial walls experience extreme force from blood flowing through; long-term force against artery walls will lead to more serious health problems such as stroke, renal failure, and other cardiovascular diseases [2]. If the proper steps to treat hypertension are not taken, patients have a high risk of developing atherosclerosis, a condition that causes arteries to harden significantly. Smoking, obesity, lack of physical activity, high alcohol consumption, and high sodium intake are factors that may cause an individual to be diagnosed with hypertension [3] Detection of hypertension is crucial in order to reduce the incidence of death by cardiovascular disease [1].

Blood pressure measurements on adult males 30-39 years of age were obtained in a survey of a representative sample of Twin Cities households. To compare the frequency of hypertension in the white and non-white population surveyed, the most appropriate measure is the

“The Most Dangerous Game” Have you ever been chased by a crazy man named Zaroff? Were you ever part of his game? The people that were, did you think they had a choice? Well they didn’t, and neither did a hunter named Rainsford. The author did an amazing job at using suspense all throughout the story.

Race-based medications seem highly personalized to the consumer but are simply a short cut to the goal of individually-specific medication. Marketing drugs targeted at particular phenotypes such as race is incredibly lucrative for pharmaceutical companies. For NitroMed, this factor will be especially important because African Americans have far higher cases of hypertension than whites while tending to be less responsive to normal treatments than their white counterparts.

Due to discrimination, hypertension is widely dominating in minorities. Back in 2007, it had been reported that 24 million individuals suffering from this condition are African Americans alone (Hall 210). In a

The World Health Center Organization has identified depression as the fourth leading cause of total disease burden and the leading cause of disability worldwide. Research has focused on the role of socioeconomic status and the environmental risk of the underlying cause of these disparities in depression diagnosis and treatment. Research has also proven that African American women have lower rates of diagnosis, treatment, and control of hypertension compared to non-hispanics. Women are twice as likely as men to experience

The risks of getting those diseases are even higher for African Americans.” (American Heart Association). High blood pressure and obesity are the common conditions that increase a heart disease. High blood pressure is a condition in which the blood flow is abnormally higher than usual in the arteries. “Nearly 42% percent black men and 45% black women of twenty years and older have high blood pressure” (DeNoon). Researchers may have found a gene in blacks that make them more sensitive to salt, which in the long run increases the risk of high blood pressure. Obesity in african americans is more common as well, which increases the risk of heart disease. 63% of black men and 77% of black women are overweight or obese. A solution for high blood pressure and obesity is a healthy diet and exercise. It won’t only reduce the chances of getting these conditions but also reduce the chances of a heart disease or a

Article Name: Trust, Medication Adherence, and Hypertension Control in Southern African American Men by Elder & Colleagues (2012)

Hypertension (HTN), also referred to as high blood pressure, is a condition characterized by elevated systemic arterial blood pressure. An elevated blood pressure is considered to be a systolic pressure of at least 140 millimeters of mercury (mmHg) or a diastolic pressure of at least 90 mmHg. HTN is among the most common risk factors for heart disease among African Americans (Ferdinanc, 2006) and one of the leading causes of deaths in the United States. Spencer et.al., (2011) states that it is one of the leading indicators that contribute to heart disease, the leading cause of death in Baltimore City. Sickness and death from heart disease are much more likely to strike African Americans than Whites in Baltimore (DHMH, 2005). Spencer continues that in Baltimore City hospitalization percentage for 100,000 populations under 75 years old was 136.6 for Blacks and 15 for Whites.

Hypertension is a developing problem worldwide associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In 2020, the world population will be approximately 7.8 billion people, and there will be 1 billon people who may be affected by hypertension (Tomson & Lip, 2005). One in three adults in the United States has high blood pressure. According to the report “Health, United States, 2010 with Special Feature on Death and Dying,” the prevalence of hypertension among adults 20 years old or older increased from 24% to 32% during 1988-1994 and 2005-2008. The African-American population has a higher prevalence of this health condition than white Americans do. In 2005 to 2008, the prevalence of hypertension among black males (41.4%) was more than 10%,

If diabetes is not diagnosed at an early stage, individuals will not notice the presence of the symptoms until they experience trouble with their heart, brain, kidney, and etc. Therefore, it is always best to speak to a health care provider or ones doctor regarding hypertension. In 2009, Americans visited their health care providers more than 55 million times to treat their high blood pressure. (Roger, Lloyd-Jones, 2012). One can also prevent the risk of hypertension by exercising regular, maintaining a healthy body weight, and avoiding heavy salt intake and excess alcohol use. Treatment is also available for hypertension. Various drugs like diuretics which work on the kidney to flush out excess water and salt from one’s body, beta and

African Americans are known to struggle with hypertension more than any other race. The social problem described by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2010) stated, African American men are more likely to have high blood pressure than whites, Hispanics, or Mexican American men and are more likely to be known as having high blood pressure. This difference steadily persists over time, from approximately 1988 through 2006 (pg.12). Studies have consistently reported a higher frequency of hypertension in blacks than in whites. In relations to these studies as mentioned by Fuchs (2011), There is a long list of putative causes for this higher prevalence proposes that the real reasons African Americans are rated higher with hypertension issues are still unknown. Biological differences are viewed in the mechanisms of blood pressure control or in the environment and habits of whites and blacks are named as the potential causes. Socioeconomic status plays a part in the outcomes of health and wellness and is measured mainly by health behaviors (education), health status (income), and health inequities. Income has been identified as a crucial factor affecting

Vaccines, although they do have many benefits, have proven to be the cause of serious and sometimes fatal side effects. The human body has been created and built to run without foreign bodies to enter and harm the cells that allow the body to remain healthy. Some religious beliefs also state that they do not believe in the “poison” that goes into the human bodies with vaccinations. Should public schools, and sometimes even jobs be able to require people to be vaccinated before allowing them into the facility? According to the first amendment written by our founding fathers, United States citizens have the freedom of religion, which includes what they are willing to put into their bodies as stated by their worship.

The two major types of hypertension are primary and secondary. Primary hypertension accounts for more than 90% of all cases and has no known cause, although it is hypothesized that genetic factors, hormonal changes, and the altercations in sympathetic tone all may play a role in its development. Secondary hypertension develops as a consequence of an underlying disease or condition. The prevention and treatment of hypertension is a major public health issue. When blood pressure is controlled, cardiovascular, renal disease, and stroke may be prevented. The JCN, reported more than 122 million individuals in American are overweight or obese, consume large amounts of dietary sodium and alcohol, and do not eat adequate amounts of fruits and vegetables; less than 20% exercise regularly. Both modifiable and non-modifiable factors play a role in the development of hypertension

According to Maschi et al. (2009), social workers need to capitalize on the effectiveness of their practice with youth by providing skills and knowledge for practice that interconnects with the juvenile justice system. It is fundamental for social workers to understand how the legal system operates, characterizes juvenile delinquency, and categorizes juvenile crime. It is important for social workers to collaborate with the juvenile justice system so that effective mental health services for offenders are being offered. Also, social workers can assist with developing effective programs for the youth to reduce reentry and recidivism in the juvenile system.