Hypodermic Morphine Research Paper

According to Lewy, “Since they were the most reliable drugs in their medicine cabinet, opium and morphine were used extensively by Civil War surgeons as pain relievers and for treating diarrhea.” Lewy is trying to prove how common morphine and opium were during the Civil war and how extensive the use was in treating common illnesses. Apparently “by the end of the war the Union Army had issued 2,093 syringes to about 11,000 surgeons, though probably fewer actually used the instrument. After the war many Yankee physicians recalled that syringes had been unavailable to them in the field, but contradicting evidence suggests that physicians often used syringes, especially towards the end of the war.”2 Syringes were available to surgeons during the Civil War, and allowed room for plenty of administration of drugs, which led to an increased chance for addiction. Opium and morphine were the drug of choice during this time, and some of the

The physician adjusts the dosage of buprenorphine if withdrawal symptoms or cravings are bothersome or if there are medication-related side effects. Patients visit their physician frequently until progress is on firm ground, usually once weekly. Stabilization lasts about two to four weeks.

The shock of amputation sparked fear into thousands of civil war soldiers. Before the gilded age, patients resented surgery due to the pain associated with it. The main anesthesthetics that were used were hashish, Mandrake, alcohol, and opium. Surgery before the gilded age consisted of speed to lessen pain but it created hostile and often cruel conditions for the patient.

Narcotic analgesics, especially morphine are underused for pain control with in the medical field. This underuse is because medical professionals, including doctors, fear patient addiction, side effects and possible lose of their licenses. These fears deny adequate healing and a better quality of life to those who would benefit from a more effective use of these drugs, as done in hospice care.

Opioid addiction is a condition that is preventable as well as one which individuals display several noticeable risk factors before the actual addiction prognosis to the point of causing death. There is a strong correlation between the early misuse of prescription opioids, which are prescribed for non-cancer pain management, and the development of a dependence on such opioids. Early detection of risk factors such as the misuse of opioids that are prescribed will help indicate that a patient is developing an addiction.1 Physicians, nurses, pharmacists, and other healthcare providers must closely monitor patients and the rate at which opioids are consumed as well as refilled.

As we see the further progression of the opioid epidemic within the United States, pharmacists become the frontlines to recognizing and providing care for these patients. It is however difficult to provide care for a patient when even the professionals within the medical community have an associated stigma attached to the use of these drugs. Patients who have a need for these painkillers recognize this stigma, and by doing so decide to avoid consulting their doctors and do not seek the care which they need. They do this to avoid the discriminatory treatment they receive both within and on the outside of the healthcare system, and to avoid the legal repercussions associated with the misuse and abuse of these products1. It is therefore the pharmacists' job to avoid the stigmatization of these people and respect those who use these treatments for legitimate medical purposes.

Milwaukee is currently facing an epidemic. This epidemic is the usage of opioids. Every year, the death toll grows from opioids usage. Opioid overdoses are America's leading killer. People are becoming more and more addicted to them and it is causing the user to overdose on the drugs. There are many types of opioids with different usages. This causes short and long term effects which can later lead the body to experience withdrawal from the drugs.

If you have been working in EMS for longer than a week you will probably already know the epidemic that America is facing. The epidemic that I am referring to has no discrimination and anyone can fall victim to it. If it hasn't already destroyed your family in some way then you are one of the lucky few.

Opioid is the fastest addiction in Iowa. “These are not aspirin,” says Dale Woolery. You can’t mix these painkillers with any other pill or painkillers in fact. Opioid painkillers are 50 to 100 times stronger than any other painkiller, from prescription painkillers to illegal painkillers, which are a knockoff of Heroin. Opioid is in the class of most addicting and lethal pills.

In 2014, more people died from drug overdoses then in any other year on record. A substantial amount of deaths were due to drug overdose on opioids, according to the CDC. (2015:64). In 1901, surgeon Racoviceanu-Pitesti published his first report on opioids for intrathecal anesthesia. In 1979, a report on the use of morphine as a treatment for pain was made, by Behar and his colleagues. Epidural and spinal opioids are today part of a routine regimen for intra- and postoperative anesthesia, according to Fisher (2003:683). Historically opioids have been used as painkillers, however the potential for misuse is huge; when these are used repeatedly, it increases the risk of developing an addiction. The use of illegal opiate drugs such as heroin

The social problem I chose to do something about is opiate abuse/addiction. Opiates are naturally occurring narcotics, such as opium and opium derivatives, including morphine, codeine, and heroin. Prescription painkillers are opioid analgesics. Opiates are highly addictive and dangerous when misused. This social problem matters to me because I am a recovering opiate addict. I have been clean for four months and my new found passion is educating people about the dangers of opiates. People assume because doctors prescribe opioid analgesics, they must be safe. Opiate abuse matters to society because when opiates are misused, lives are taken. People die from overdose, abusers’ worlds fall apart because of their addiction, and loved ones of the abusers are left grieving and feeling helpless.

Morphine is a highly addictive opiate psychoactive painkiller. It is often used before or after surgery to alleviate severe pain. Morphine acts by attaching to specific proteins called opioid receptors, which are found in the brain, spinal cord, and gastrointestinal tract. The drug was originally derived from the poppy seed plant before it was chemically enhanced and manufactured. Starting off, the drug was used to cure alcoholism and certain types of addictions. This didn’t last very long considering morphine was found to be much more addictive than alcohol. In the early 1900s, morphine was identified as a controlled substance under the Harrison Act. The Harrison Act was put in place to control morphine by making it only legal for those

A wide range of medications were legitimate amid the Post-Civil Wars. Morphine was prominent to use as agony executioner to treat Armies' wounds particularly amid their leg expulsion and affliction from war zone. Morphine was the main medication that could respond quick to stop the agony. Morphine contains sedatives that could live in human body inside zero to two weeks depended how one's body response. Be that as it may, overdose could be risky for human body. Because of the improvement of Hypodermic Syringes accessible to buy for anybody, this pulled in numerous individuals to buy Morphine tranquilizes in easing their torments for wound and infection while ignorant of its habit. Amid Industrial Revolution, much new migration, for example,

During the 1700’s England was undergoing change and rejuvenation. The Queen had come to the thrown and colonies were being developed. It was a time of invention and great strides in the field of chemistry. During this period the demand for medical care was increasing as well as the need for medical advances. Surgeries such as childbirth, teeth extractions, leg amputations, and even tumor removal were being done in absence of any pain reliving substances. Many physicians and dentists were curious as how to lessen the pain of their patients. It is no wonder that nitrous oxide was discovered during this period, but as it came to be the discovery of nitrous oxide in regards to medical anesthetic would be no easy feat.

The humanity has been using alkaloids-containing extracts since ancient times. For example, there are reports on the use of opium since 3,400 BC. Opium (from Papaver somniferum) exudate is rich in tetrahydrobenzylisoquinoline alkaloids, as (5), codeine (6), and papaverine (7) (ref). Morphine is a potent analgesic and narcotic extensively used to treat both acute and chronic severe pain (Bercovitch et al., 1999). South American Indians have been using coca leaves (Erytrothroxylon coca; Erythroxylaceae) for over 4,000 years (ref), as a stimulant and energy source. Coca is known for its psychoactive alkaloid cocaine (8), whose medicinal use as tonic, for digestive disorders, weakness, aphrodisiac, in the treatment of asthma, alcohol and morphine