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Ibsen, Strindberg and Feminism Essay examples

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In the late 19th century Naturalism was emerging as the primary movement in literature of that period. The movement was influenced heavily by the discoveries made in politics, sciences and psychology of the time. Discoveries such as Darwin’s evolutionary theories, Marx’s Das Kapital and even Freud’s research on the psychology of the human were creating shock and upset and began to revolutionised society’s outlook on the world. The naturalist movement in literature also coincided with the beginnings of women’s emancipation throughout the western world. Scandinavia, as well as experiencing The Modern Breakthrough, was also dealing with its own political struggles for national identity. For Henrik Ibsen and August Strindberg the early woman’s …show more content…

In an unsigned notice in The Daily News of June 1889 a writer condemns Nora’s actions, “Deserting her home, her husband, and above all her children, simply because she finds her husband is angry with her…it may be confidently asserted that no women who ever breathed would do any such thing” (1889). Clement Scott, editor of Theatre, would not even describe her action as human but “a thing that one of the lower animals would not do” (1889a, p. 114) and in an article for The Daily Telegraph even calls Nora “absolutely inhuman” (1889b, p. 102). This shock reaction was understandable in a culture that had defined a women’s place in society, or metaphorically, placed women in a box; the fact that Nora chose to step out of that box was an issue of serious debate. If Nora should desert her place in society then so could others. However W.E Simonds, having read H.F Lord’s translation of A Dolls’ House, reprimanded any critic for calling Nora selfish and failing to see Nora’s womanliness and “emancipated individuality” (1890, p. 147). It is this emancipation of the individual that could be the solution to discovering a theme beyond Ibsen’s feminism. Even Ibsen himself disclaimed any conscious efforts on his part to write A Doll’s House as a way of rallying for the women’s rights movement and claimed it to be purposeful description of humanity (cited in Templeton 1997, p. 110). Templeton goes on to explain that Ibsen

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