Identificities And Characteristics Of Sphenodon

A dinosaur has an antorbital fenestra with an open hole hip socket. The definition differs from the term used informally because it helped understand how the dinosaur moved and how they were categorized as species. There are four general characteristics that dinosaurs have as a result of their synapomorphies which are permeated acetabulum, ball-shaped head on proximal femur, the Cnemial crest on the proximial tibia, and an ascending process on astragalus. These four dinosaur synapomorphies are related to vertical limb support.

The Orrorin tugenensis was found with thigh bones. And the Orrorin tugenensis had small teeth like the Australopithicus.

There are four main groups of reptiles, known as Crocodilians, Squamates, Tuataras, and Turtles. Crocodilians consists of large reptiles which includes alligators, crocodiles, gharials, and caimans. Squamates are lizards, snakes, and worm-lizards. A worm-lizard is a subterranean burrowing reptile that resembles an earthworm, a legless lizard. Tuataras are a group of reptiles that are lizard-like in appearance but are different from squamates because their skull isn’t jointed. Turtles are the most ancient reptiles alive today. They have changed very little since they first showed up 220 million years ago. The first turtle appeared 220 million years ago.(Laura Klappenbach)

A. Sketch each slide below and describe the tissues and structures you observed on each slide.

Anatomical Evidence – evidence relating to the structures of organisms and how they have evolved over time and might share a common ancestry.

an amphibian, closely related to the Tiger Salamander. What makes the axolotl so unique is that it never

The Stegosaurus is said to be twenty-six to thirty feet long and about nine feet tall! the stegosaurs weighed six thousand-eight hundred pounds, can you believe that? but it had a very small brain, about the size of a nut. they are herbivores, meaning they only eat low plants and crops. they have seventeen bone plates that grew out of its back! some think that their plates helped them look bigger maybe to scare off the meat eaters or maybe just to show off. they also have spikes on their tail, the stegosaurus tail is four feet long as their tail is also very flexible and they can use to protect themselves from large predators or scare those carnivores. Its name also means covered lizard, they could not walk very fast and some paleontologists believe that if that if they had blood veales running through their plates that its plates could change color, pretty interesting right?

On this image, we see the external dorsal side of a preserved crayfish. As part of the largest animal phylum the Arthropoda, the body of the crayfish is segmented, with jointed appendages and exoskeleton. The paired antennae (1) are long appendages located the front of the mouth and modified for help the animal to sense touch and taste. The antennules (2) are shorter, also paired with the same function but they also help to maintain balance. The chelipeds (3) are located on the front of the thorax, and they are responsible for defence and grasping food. On the at ventral part of the thorax, we found four pairs of walking legs (4), with these legs the crayfish changes locations on the bottom of freshwater lakes, streams and also on land. They

.*They are omnivorous, plantigrade and highly social animals *Body is covered with hairs (except palms, soles and face) *Limbs have five digits.

After this Shubin goes on to talk about the genes that control the development of the arches. Some of these genes include Hox genes which can be found in all of the arches, these genes turn other genes on and off. This knowledge allows for experiments that test what genes control what. This leads Shubin to talk about Amphioxus, an ancient worm, and first animal with a nerve cord, and a notochord to support it, but no backbone. These worms also have the same arches that we have when developing, showing how our heads similarity to this ancient

Part 2) Explain and evaluate the significance of the evidence given to justify this phylogeny. Using the relationship between jaw bone, size, brain and body weight, etc.

The Glamingoes Skeletal system is very interesting because the structure is actually made of cartilage. The male Glamingos skull has an extensive ossification over the front of the skull, above the eyes, and on the rostrum. It weighs 2-3 times of a female. Females may have additional bony knobs on there forehead, like the male, but do not have such extensive bony areas. In the neck there are seven individual vertebrates. Each one has individual joints too which is why they are so flexible. There legs very strong, this is what they use for protection. They can also run up to 35 miles per hour, but they cant do it for a long period of

Sean Carroll’s book Endless Forms Most Beautiful, attempts to explain the variety of animal forms, structures and functions by comparing them to rules that he had found. Such rules include: major “rules” for generating animal forms, species-specific encoding information, evolutionary diversity and large-scale trends in evolution. It begins by assessing the similarities between ancient and modern organisms. It notes that the structure of certain parts like vertebrates and limbs are similar in proportion and can be varied in shape and repetition. It cites animals parts like butterfly wings to show repetition of scales, snakes to show repeating vertebrae and compared a salamander to a dinosaur to express how each follow the same modular body plan.

A neotenic salamander, its most notable physical feature is its gills, which protrude from the back of its wide head and remain there throughout

The fossil of Tiktaalik confirmed a major prediction of paleontology in that it showed characteristics of both aquatic animals, such as fish, and land animals, such as reptiles and amphibians. While it had fins and scales, it also had a flexible neck, a flat head, and complex bone structure in its fins that correspond with the structure of the legs of terrestrial animals. Thus, it demonstrates the evolutionary transition between aquatic and terrestrial life.