Table of Contents I. Introduction 2 Background Information II. Problem Definition 2 Issues III. Technical Review of Option 3 Design Area Existing solutions IV. Design Assessment Criteria 4 V. Design Selection 5 VI. Conclusion 7 VII. Design Recommendation 8 VIII. Reference List 9 IX. Appendix 10 Introduction Background Information This report outlines the EWB Challenge that is operational for development based in Bambui, Cameroon. Bambui is a rural community in the North West region of Cameroon that is undergoing rapid population growth. The population growth is increasing the pressure on the existing water supply, sanitation, waste management and housing facilities available. The purpose of this report is to work cooperatively with EWB and the community of Bambui in establishing a clean and quality water supply system. The report will cover the essential problems of water quality and water supply in Bambui in common terms as well as develop a design criteria. By forming a template of three to five measurable design requirements and testing a minimum of two design option against these requirements we will be able to make the most effective recommendation based on our findings. Problem Definition Water supply is the primary problem in Bambui, as currently Bambui lacks in adequate large storages of clean water. The main source of water in Bambui come from a set of twelve springs and one stream that flow into the Tubah watershed. However there are many factors that
The purpose of this paper is focus on the municipal water issues in Canada, especially the main factors to affect water quality in Canada. Although there is a common perception that Canada has the second water quality and water quantity in the world, Canadians are among the highest water user per capital by comparing with other countries. Furthermore, clean water is essential to life and our health, so federal government plays an important role to make sure our water suppliers are safe in Canada.
In America, we tend to take for granted our simple luxuries in life. Running water would be considered to be among these in most cases. We turn on the faucet, and out comes a safe and refreshing source of sustenance that is vital to our well-being. Now, if you can imagine, what happens when that refreshing drink of water is not replenishing your body, but killing it. A silent poison contaminating your way of life, only to find out years later that every ailment you and your family have endured and possibly even succumbed to, would be blamed on a source of drinking water. This is exactly what happened to the individuals that were stationed or employed at Camp Lejeune, North Carolina from the years of 1953 to 1987. The most horrifying of
The inequality when it comes to water scarcity is unacceptable and it does not meet the criteria for Reasonable Access to Clean water for multiple reasons. It is believed that 780million people lack access to clean water and another 2.5 Billion people lack access to improved sanitation (so they only have enough to drink and nothing else). Reasonable access to clean water should mean that water is offered at the lowest possible price so that more people can afford it but it is often in the poorest countries that the water they need is more expensive and harder to access and it is often due to avoidable causes.
To continue to provide the highest quality of drinking water to the residents of Milwaukee and its surrounding areas, it is crucial and of the upmost importance that Milwaukee Water Works (MWW), publicly owned utility of the City of Milwaukee, abide by the procedures set forth under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) and regulations by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Currently, MWW provide services to over 860,000 people in 16 surrounding communities in Milwaukee, Ozaukee, and Waukesha Counties. Overall coverage of MMW services covers 196 square miles of the state. As the overseer and governors of the utility, you, Tom Barrett, the mayor of Milwaukee and Milwaukee's fifteen elected members of the common council must ensure that Milwaukee's water is a
Every human being is entitled to claim their human right and suffice their human needs as a fundamental unit to function in the society. Water is part of that inclusion. However, access to clean water is one of the most violated human right (Barlow, 2010, para. 2). Humanity’s sake should come first before anything else, before any other entity. Everybody was disturbed when the former Chief Executive Officer of Nestlé, Peter Brabeck, deliberately announced in a documentary interview that water resources should be privatized because it is not a public right (Brown, 2016, para.2). Therefore, implying that those who do not have the ability to purchase it are not rightfully qualified to have it. His proclamation raised the attention of the local and foreign perspectives who were concerned and have the principles that water cannot be just own and monopolized by those who can only afford to buy it. Humans have the right to life. Water is a basic human need and one of the main reasons why humans still have a life. Thus, water is a human right and rights are accompanied by its respective obligations to be complied with. Nevertheless, rights cannot just be taken away from humans in general. If corporations would claim that water is not for all humans, they might as well monopolize the air that we breathe.
In the many death cases that have been researched, most of the accidents that occurred in these rural areas has some type of relations to water. Inadequate water can lead to illnesses, diseases, and sometimes death. Along with the exponential population growth in West Africa, this epidemic is becoming more of a harsh reality every single day. With 94% of the 1.4 million deaths every year due to Diarrhea, a search for a better cost-effective and sanitary water treatment is an emergency that needs to be taken care of
The environmental justice hypothesis as stated by Brown, P. is that “hazards in the physical and chemical environmental disproportionately affect those individuals and households that also face hazards in their social environment. “
Transform your tap water into clean, great tasting water. MetPure drinking water purification system combines the latest technologies in water filtration for residential use, including reverse osmosis membrane, all natural activated coconut shell, and conventional filtration to reduce a wide spectrum of contaminants that can be found in water.
There are five design areas that would easily link into this design project. The first is a low cost iron filter (Engineers Without Borders Australia, 2014). A low cost iron filter would easily integrate into our design and the benefits would be vast. The water would be safer and healthier for the people of Mayukwayukwa to drink and it would also extend the life of each system as there would be less iron in the equipment. The second linked project is hand washing (Engineers Without Borders Australia, 2014). As the water is stored in a number of tanks, this allows for easy installation of taps all around to base of the tank. These allow for easy water collection and also allow for hand washing with clean water. The third linked project is energy (Engineers Without Borders Australia, 2014). These systems can easily be converted in to clean energy providers. All that is needed is a battery pack for the solar and a generator and battery pack for the wind. The fourth linked project is health (Engineers Without Borders
On 28 July 2010 the human right to water was clearly accepted by the United Nations General Assembly. Clean drinking water are essential to the realization of all human rights were also been acknowledged (United Nations, 2014). The human right to water include five factors which are sufficient, safe, acceptable, physically accessible and affordable (United Nations, 2014). However, in these five factors, sufficiency and safety are the top two serious issues which will be discussed in this report. Sufficiency means the water supply for a person, between 50 and 100 liters, must be enough and continuous (United Nations, 2014). And the water supply must meet the world Health Organization Guidelines for drinking water quality. This essay will discuss two major problems in two different countries which are water scarcity in Ethiopia and water sanitation in Kenya.
The state of Washington is now mandating fluoride be maintained in all public drinking water sources. Washington state Department of Health states that a mandated fluoridated water policy would be the most effective method to combat oral health diseases and that it is a proven technique. The Washington State board of health has adopted the recommendation from the federal Department of Health and Human Services to produce a rule for public drinking water to maintain fluoride levels of 0.7ml/L (Washington State Department of Health, 2017). All of Washington state’s water supply is naturally fluoridated. Even though all water sources have fluoride in Washington, the fluoride levels are not equal. These natural fluoride
Access to clean water is a basic human right and yet people around the world don’t have that right and they struggle to survive without it. The many uses of clean and potable water include water for drinking to cooking other daily purpose. It is reported that over 1.1 billion people lack access to an improved water resource and three million individuals, and majority of them children, suffer and die from water-related disease. The need to improve water quality and providing clean water should be major project for developed countries like the US and so called “well developed countries”.
In the United States, there is one trillion gallons of water wasted (Mooney). Water is being wasted every day in the US by: leaky faucets, malfunctioning toilets and faulty sprinkler systems. While water is being wasted in the US, many underdeveloped countries such as Kenya struggle to have clean water. Many of the Kenyan residents struggle every day to find a clean water source. In the continent of Africa there lies Kenya with a population approximately of forty-six million people. A little over seventeen million people do not have access to clean safe water. More than 30 million people do not have access to a decent sanitary system. Half of the Kenyan
Few resources are essential to human survival. Access to clean water is the most critical of all. Water is a vital resource responsible for sustaining all life on earth. However, clean water is in short supply, but in high demand in all parts of the world. It is thought that most Americans have access to safe, affordable, clean water right from their taps. However, the media is uncovering the true nature of America’s deteriorating water situation. Americans have reason to be seriously concerned about the state of their drinking water. So what really is on tap in America?
The present study reveals that about 25% and 62% of the total respondents were drinking water from which contained arsenic and E.coli at a level of >10 ppb and 1 cfu/100ml, respectively. The situation seems to be very concerning because in comparison with arsenic and E.coli contaminated water in HH, the percentage of HH respondents arsenic is much less than E.coli. The findings (percentages) are relatively higher than the findings in a past survey conducted in 2009 on the arsenic concentration, where in the HH level it was 23.1% [19]. Moreover, E. coli contamination in the HH drinking water is also remarkably higher in the present study compared to other past survey (more than 50%) reported in 2009 (Bangladesh