Drinking Water Case Study

Unsafe water supplies are often contaminated with infectious agents, toxic chemicals, and radiological hazards. In 2000, the World Health Organization and UNICEF identified some 2.4 billion people who did not have basic sanitation facilities, and 1.1 billion people without a safe drinking water supply. (Wagner, 2009) Some communities experienced diarrhea, caused by a variety of parasites, viruses, and bacteria that infect people as a result of contaminated drinking water or poor hygiene. In India, more than 500,000 children die from diarrhea every year. Like other tropical diseases, when diarrhea does not kill, it weakens, leaving people more susceptible to other infections, such as tuberculosis and HIV. (Whitman, 2008).

a. Size in sales: In 2001, bottled water was among the world’s most attractive beverage categories, with global sales exceeding 32 billion gallons and annual growth averaging nearly 9 percent between 1996 and 2001.

People in Developing countries drink pond, stream, pond water which could be contaminated by animals and people. In third world countries they’re not really educated so they don’t know that the water they drink is bad for them. Another way they get water is by digging deep holes until they find water, it may be cleaner than the surface water but there would be still be a chance that it could be contaminated, which could end up giving them diseases and even death. 884 million people in the world don’t have water that is safe to drink. Also more 80 percent of sewage in third world countries contaminates their water source. Schools also don’t clean/safe water for kids to drink. In developing countries women and children spend 6 hours every day trying to collecting water and on

Using named examples, assess the contribution of large scale water management projects in increasing water security. 15 Water security means having access to sufficient, safe, clean and affordable water. Theoretically, the world’s poorer countries are the most water insecure, suffering from both physical and economic water scarcity. One solution to tackle water insecurity is through large scale water projects for example the Three Gorges project in China, the South-North transfer project also in China and the restoration of the Aral Sea. However there is much controversy over whether these schemes are actually sustainable and therefore beneficial in the long run. The Three Gorges da project in China blocks the Yangtze River; it cost $50

Write linear equations to represent the costs for each company based on the number of pallets purchased.

USnews.com finds that India is an area where a large majority of the population do not have access to clean water. Indians have to spend 62 more cents than the British for their water, which is estimated to be 20 percent of their average income. These are the circumstances that they have to live with in, where the only alternative is to use contaminated water. Those who choose to do so often face a risk of dying from an illness, more often from diarrhea. Exposure to dirty water accounts for the death of 140,000 kids in India.

Unclean water is a growing phenomenon that is immensely occurring in Latin America. Water is an important necessity in life. There are over 70 million people who have no access to clean water. Many families in Latin America cannot afford to send their children to school, so the children drop out of school to help work at the home. Many of the children who stay home to work walk for hours to get to the nearest water source, and most of the time, the water is unclean and not safe to drink. The unclean water is the only water accessible to families in Latin America. With the unclean water available, sanitation was not. It is very rare to find any form of sanitized water in most households in Latin America. Over 100 million people are not

This chemical tends to occur naturally in soil, so sometimes it can make its way into your well. If you drink too much water contaminated with arsenic, you will be susceptible to an array of harsh side effects such as vomiting and a burning feeling. If your water supply is never checked and you drink arsenic-laced water regularly over time, your risk factor for developing several kinds of cancer will increase substantially.

Our ecosystems are made of living and nonliving things that affect each other, so the importance of being sure there is a safe water supply that is not contaminated universally is very important. Similar studies that were done have proved similar findings such as another water analysis experiment explained in an article by Joseph Montalvo and Ching-Gen Lee which uses several methods to identify trace organic contaminants in water. This study is in conjunction with EPA standards. Different sources of water were treated with activated carbon (Montalvo & Lee, para. 3, 1976). Different waters were treated from ground source water to tap water to bottled waters. Based on the results, further testing is recommended. Because of the variables of different water sources and carbon filters used, it is recommended that everyone test their drinking water before trusting it. Another study, done by the USEPA makes sure the nation has safe drinking water by safeguarding against hazardous minerals, wastes, and negligible risks by implementing safety measures and making sure by law safety measures and precautions are taken (Cotruo, 2012, para. 6).

Part 1 (water): At the Memorial Union Market and Café, there was a total of four different types of bottled water. In the bottle water, Dasani Lemon Water, the ingredients found were citric acid, natural flavors, potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate, calcium disodium EDTA, sodium citrate, sucralose, phosphoric acid, and acesulfame potassium. The ingredients are used for various purposes in the water. Citric acid, sodium citrate, and phosphoric acid are used to replicate the tartness found in lemons. Potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate, and calcium disodium EDTA are used to preserve the taste of the water and to prevent the growth of microorganisms. Sucralose and acesulfame potassium are used as low-calorie sweeteners. Natural flavors is added

In different areas of the world it is found that the presence of arsenic, lead, and cadmium is hazardous to the health of the general population. In Burkina Faso high concentrations of arsenic dominated the groundwaters (BGS). A similar case occurred within California with the existence of lead and cadmium. Similar to Arsenic in the groundworks of Burkina Faso, there was a significantly large amount of lead found in the water system in California affecting the nervous system, kidneys of children (Rios, Michael). Cadmium has also been found in California, because the metal is known to cause cancer and developmental harm there are several laws preventing certain amount of cadmium in drinking water (Monserrat, Laurie).

Beginning January 2014, changes to the Safe Drinking Water Act further reduced the maximum allowable lead content of pipes, pipe fittings, plumbing fittings, and fixtures to 0.25 percent. The most common problem is with brass or chrome-plated brass faucets and fixtures with lead solder, from which significant amounts of lead can enter into the water, especially hot water.

Apparently, the EPA said anything under 5 ppm units is safe to drink. Today, scientists suggest the drinking water we are exposed to contains around 6.2 ppm, and therefore we are consistently being poisoned. This small amount of poisoning will cause severe diseases on the long run. Over sixty two million Americans depend on drinking tap water, and most are oblivious to the myriad of health risks they are being thrown into. Throughout the U.S, Atlanta has been found to be the state with the most unhealthy tap water. The reason why is because of the high amounts of arsenic present in the water. This chemical compound is alternatively used as a cleaning detergent. Radon is another element that is mixed in with it, and if anyone is chemically aware—radon is a horror show. Radon is an element that contributes to nuclear production and radioactivity, and exposure to it causes birth defects and genetic mutations. Consuming high levels of radon on the long run will result in genetic mutations in the offspring of any individual. Ultimately, the Safe Water Drinking Act has been breached, and exactly sixty six percent of the laws proposed in it have been violated. California officials have tried to calm citizens by assuring them that over twenty five thousand samples of water are being tested every year since two thousand and four. Scientists provided by the government test for

This toxic element is found in tub-well water. People are affected by it only when

Access to safe and reliable drinking water is a long-standing problem in developing countries, and it was identified as a major target in the United Nations Millennium Development Goals. But, even the recent data indicate that close to 900 million people lack access to a safe and sustainable source of drinking water. The access to safe water is affected by temporal differences in availability of water as well as contamination through natural minerals and anthropogenic wastes. As a result, people relying on water from natural rivers and reservoirs, unprotected wells and springs, and other sources are often at high risk due to lack of either quantity or quality or both of water.