Introduction
To illustrate the issues of strategic leadership, this paper represents two case studies about Infosys; one of the leading technology companies based in India which provides regional and global consulting and outsourcing services in engineering and software development. Infosys was founded in 1981 by Narayana Murthy and six fellow software engineers (Infosys, n.d.). The first case is based on strategic leadership issues in 2014 when the founders stepped down into non-executive positions after almost three decades to appoint the first non-founding chief executive officer (CEO) and managing director; Vishal Sikka (Infosys, n.d.). The second case is based on strategic leadership issues in 2017 when Infosys’s 3-year old CEO,
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Murthy has also contributed in leading key corporate governance initiatives in India (Barnabas, Joseph, & Clifford, 2010). In 2005 at the World Economic Forum, he defined a business leader as one who shoulders the biggest responsibility to seek the truth, communicate it to other stakeholders and live by the truth (Bhattacharya, 2005). According to Spears (2004), the attributes that are key to a servant-leader are listening, empathy, awareness, healing, persuasion, foresight, conceptualization, stewardship, building community and commitment to growth of people all of which can be seen in Murthy’s leadership. He had a holistic approach to work and shared the power of decision-making as he promoted a sense of community (Greenleaf, 1990). Another leadership style Murthy exhibited from the very beginning when he first had the vision to create the company and sold the vision to the other six people and convinced them to climb on board the bandwagon contributing to team proactivity was transformational leadership (Wu & Wang, 2015). In fact, Barnabas, Joseph, and Clifford (2010) state that servant-leadership is a long-transformational approach to work and life in the sense of having the potential to create positive changes in society (Spears, 2004). Murthy also fits in the description to be referred to as a charismatic leader considering the five behavioral traits that
To be a successful servant leader one must have a true honest desire to want others around them to be successful. The major strength of the servant leader is their contribution of the organization they are leading. I believe this type of leadership really aligns
Servant leadership is defined by a willingness of a leader to put the needs, desires, recognition and success of their employees and organization above their own interests. They often inspire followership through their example resulting in deeply loyal subordinates that are motivated to emulate the leader’s behavior not out of fear or a desire to please and impress but because of its intrinsic value. Reading through the results of my Seven Habits Profile I noticed that I was comparatively deficient on a few of the foundational and organizational habits such as putting first things first and beginning with the end in mind. Conversely, I had a much higher level of empathetic traits with synergy, seeking first to understand, and thinking win-win taking the top three spots. These traits are highly consistent with servant leadership.
Over the course of my career, I have tried to model various leadership behaviors based upon successful leaders that I have worked with or for. This has led me to incorporate different styles into my own. Considering my current leadership strengths and how I view successful leaders I will use a servant leadership theory to analyze my own competencies. Servant leaders have 9 different aspects comprised of: emotional healing, creating value for the community, conceptual skills, empowering, helping subordinates grow and succeed, putting subordinates first, behaving ethically, relationships, and servanthood (Boone & Makhani, 2005, pg. 86). The aspects of a servant leader are those that I personally value and identify with. In addition to this, it is my belief that servant leaders, because they are people oriented, are more effective in a variety of environments and situations.
The two theories that I chose to do my self-assessment by are the authentic leadership theory and the servant leadership theory. The authentic leadership theory was chosen due to my desire to stay true to who I am and what I stand for. However, the servant leadership theory was chosen because of my desire to meet the needs of others while doing what I can to help others succeed as well as meet their set goals. Being a servant while being authentic are the traits I want in my style of leadership and are assessed throughout this paper along with my strengths and weaknesses in the area of leadership.
Traits commonly listed as characteristics of servant leadership include a makeup of providing accountability, supporting and resourcing, engaging in honest self-evaluation, fostering collaboration, communicating with clarity, and valuing and appreciating (Irving/Longbotham pg 8).
Northouse stated that this edition of his book was written with an objective to bridge the gap between simplistic approaches to leadership to more abstract approaches. Chapter 9 of this book is entitled Transformational Leadership. It defines this model as the process whereby a person engages with others and creates a connection that raises the level of motivation and morality in both the leader and the follower. Hidden away in Chapter 14, Leadership Ethics, we find servant leadership. These models emphasize that leaders be more attentive to the concerns of their followers and empathize with them. In addition, they should take care of them. In addition, they should take care of them and nurture them.
In the approach on general leadership characteristics, the fundamental difference is authentic leaderships strive to be “real”, whereas servant leaders strive to be “right.” Servant leadership is a style that lays down a set of characteristics that all leaders are supposed to emulate to attain success, and tries to shape the character and personality of the leader. On the other hand, authentic leaders tend to rely on their own unique set of experiences and style that has been learned and developed throughout their career. The main difference between servant and authentic styles, when applying into practice, is the serving of others. One of the primary applications is to give priority to the interest of others. Servant leaders exercise their duty
Servant leadership is a theory based on Robert K Greenleaf’s belief that all men have a primary motivation to serve others and through this service they aspire to lead (Parris & Peachey, 2012). Although this leadership model has very little in common with charismatic and situational does however compare to transformational leadership in several areas. The main area of commonality between the two can be found as transformational leaders serve as stewards to change enable the followers to accept the change and move forward with the organization (Tichy & Devanna, 1990, p. 75). In essence, servant leadership becomes the long-term transformational approach to life and work.
Transformational leadership are classified into four components which are pointed out by Bass (1990, p. 28), ‘charisma, idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation and individualized consideration’. Apart from these basic roles, charisma leadership, a collection of personal characteristics, has its own role of literature since it has similarity with transformational leadership and they are contribution to each other (Bertocci, 2009, p. 43; Judge & Piccolo, 2004, p. 755). Leaders’ behaviour reflects them being role models for their followers. Followers respect, admire and trust their leaders who have charismatic effect on their followers to an extremely high grade are willing to take risks
Transformational and servant leadership are rooted in the study of charismatic leadership. An early conceptual model of "charismatic leadership" has been closely linked with the work of Max Weber, who described the leader as a charismatic person who exercised power through followers' identification with and belief in the leader's personality. Both transformational and servant leadership are both inspirational and moral.
Bryman, A., 1993, ‘Charismatic leadership in business organisations: some neglected issues’, Leadership Quarterly, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 289-304.
Many great leaders have one thing in common and that is charisma. Charismatic leaders are those that have the capability to inspire and encourage people to do more than they would normally do, despite obstacles and personal sacrifice. (Daft, R.L, pg. 364) Charisma is what provokes energy and commitment out of its followers. These leaders possess the power to motivate their followers to do almost anything. They create an atmosphere of change and express an ideal vision of a better future. The most common characteristics of the charismatic leader involve maturity, communication, humility, and inspiration. These unique qualities impact their followers and conduct themselves in such a way that allows for remarkable results. Then
Infosys should consider expanding its operation into other foreign markets and industries. As indicated in the article, Infosys gets over 70% of its revenue from the United States and the majority of its big clients (such as Goldman Sachs, Visa or JC Penny) come from various industries but all of them are very sensitive to changes in the US economy. In order for Infosys to not only maintain but also increase their sales growth in spite of the referenced economic downturn, Infosys has to expand its global account management system along with restructuring its strategic account management. First and foremost Infosys should build a reliable network of foreign intermediaries in Asia and
Several reviews have been conducted to provide insight into servant leadership as a theory. Parris and Peachey (2013) state that Russell and Stone reviewed the theoretical framework of servant leadership and listed nine distinct character traits of servant leaders, namely; integrity, honesty, vision, service, trust, modeling, pioneering, appreciation of others and empowerment. Parris and Peachey (2013) appreciate the conceptual framework in the work of Russell and Stone yet they note that it lacks a methodology.
Researchers have proposed several characteristics of leaders described as ‘charismatic’. The widely accepted characteristics of charismatic leaders are (Bryman et al., 2011, p. 90-91):