INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE OF INTERNATIONAL RECRUITERS 37
Literature Review
Studies of intercultural competence over the past thirty years attempt to measure the success or growth of an individual’s knowledge, skills and attitudes in relation to other cultures (Sinicrope, Norris & Watanabe, 2007). Global learning outcomes such as intercultural communication skills, intercultural adaptability, intercultural sensitivity, intercultural maturity, and intercultural competence are skills that universities feel are important to thrive in a diverse society where effective interactions with people from other cultures is necessary (Deardorff, 2011; Fantini, Arias-Galicia, & Guay, 2001; Trede, Bowles & Bridges, 2013; Williams, 2005). Consequently,
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Educators need to justify program success by demonstrating annual increases in study abroad participation numbers in addition to providing quality measures related to cultural learning as well (Engle & Engle, 2003; Medina-López-Portillo, 2004). Ideally, students participating in a study abroad experience will gain an appreciation of their own culture as well as develop sensitivity towards culturally distinct others (Maharaja, 2009). Students who interact with people from diverse backgrounds will hopefully accept cultural diversity and overcome negative stereotypes (Dong, Day, & Collaco, 2008). Scholars often associate cultural competency with the skills and behaviors gained as individuals develop “more complex levels of cultural sensitivity” (Hernández & Kose, 2012, p. 514). Cultural sensitivity is one of the key ingredients needed to understand and engage in relationships with those from others from dissimilar backgrounds (Hernández & Kose, 2012).
Numerous assessment tools, ranging from simple short surveys to more complex behavioral and performance evaluations, attempt to measure intercultural competence (Matsumoto & Hwang, 2013; Sinicrope et al., 2007). Historically, study abroad administrators focused on program logistics, staffing, safety matters, and recruiting instead of
Cultural Competence is a complicated assimilation of education, beliefs, and experiences which would strengthen communication and efficient interaction cross-culturally. However, culture is defined as one way of life. It is not defined by race, language, food, religion, and ethics. With a job that involves constant involvement or entanglement with different culture, it is important for cultural competence. To be cultural competent is the ability to know one difference but still understands, respect, and safeguard the individual right to self-confidence, self- interpretation and status. Nevertheless, working with people of different cultural diversity might be difficult especially it differs from our own core culture. Therefore to prevent bias
Cultural diversity has been a major issue of concern for several decades, and it has affected institutions of learning, where facilitators have to balance the family and school involvement in enhancing learning. Establishing a meaningful environment for students with diverse backgrounds enhances positive performance in their academic, personal, and professional objectives. A healthy relationship with family members involves identifying the needs of each family’s cultural stand; this is because a culture may play a major role in defining a family’s responsiveness to a school’s involvement. The globalization aspect has facilitated the creation of a multicultural society, and hence the need for an education system that addresses the need to
Through intercultural learning and experiences, we can begin to see ourselves and the others around us not by our race, ethnicity, religion, or nationality but by the fact that at the end of the day, we are all human and only have one chance in this life.
I needed to understand diversity to the ninth degree, so academically I chose to enroll in every course within my degree plan that contained the words “international,” “ethnic,” and “social.” Learning by immersion was a success in my transition to college, so I felt that international immersion within my international courses would be even better. I quickly jumped on the opportunity to participate in the United Kingdom Study Abroad Program to study international communications. The time I spent studying in the UK and traveling across Europe changed my life completely; my eyes were finally opened to the knowledge I always wanted. I departed from the French airport back to America with a more sophisticated understanding of worldviews and a respect for others that will never be
Today, we live in a culturally diverse society due to globalization. As our world grows, expands and become increasingly more interconnected, the need for effective interpersonal communication among differing cultures has become apparent. When people from different cultures interact with one another there is intercultural communication because different cultures create different interpretation and expectations about what is seen as competent behaviors that will enable the construction of shared meanings.
Race, Gender, Class, and ethnicity are the fabrics that form a Multicultural Society. As a teacher, it is important to think about my students’ various cultures and influences their cultures possess over their learning. After all, students are taught within the context of culture. Culture is what we teach whether it is explicit or institutional. Culture is integral to learning, considering culture is dependent on education for its survival. Culture is transferred from one generation to the next using informal or formal education (Convertino, Levinson, Gonzalez 27). As teachers, we should ensure our instruction is relevant to our students, otherwise they will lose interest, and then, they will never learn (Banks 2013). So, teachers should approach their students within a culturally relevant pedagogy.
Diversity week is a week-long program held by the university of Akron. This program is organized by groups on campus. The purpose is to educate college students the diverse races, cultures, genders, ages, sexual differences, social and economic status in our society today. I had the opportunity to attend the “Education Abroad: Your Door to the world” session. In this activity, we talked about the different opportunities associated with studying abroad. Some of these opportunities are getting to launch your career, make long life friends and family, and personal development and growth in your life.
forthcoming. “Diversity has long been viewed as a tool to enhance education, and research has
Many intercultural communication specialists mention open-mindedness as an attribute necessary for the development of successful intercultural
Kratzke, C. & Bertolo, M. (2013). Enhancing students’ cultural competence using cross-cultural experiential learning. Journal of Cultural Diversity, 20(3), 107-111.
Martin, J. N., & Nakayama, T. K. (2011). Experiencing intercultural communication. (4th ed., pp. 226-227). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
“In 2006 to 2007, according to the data compiled by the Institute of International Education, 582,984 students from all over the world were enrolled in American colleges and universities in a wide range of fields” (Carter, Paragraph 2, 2008). The United States has the highest number of students who are coming to study abroad than any other countries. Each year, the number of international students coming to the United States to obtain degrees is increasing by thousands, and home countries of these students are primarily India, China and Korea, all located in the whole different continent. But what are the motives of students who are crossing the sea to study? Their goal of studying abroad is to experience diversity and to adapt attitudes
Previous researchers have found that for a person to achieve better and more effective communication competence, it is necessary to develop skills that allow an appropriate participation in specific situations. The ability to listen, ask questions, and express concepts or ideas effectively is an important part of communication competence. Intercultural communication presents an unexplored and challenging field that needs to be understood for a better development in communication. (Dillon and McKenzie, 1998). The variables of listening depend on the different perceptions that a person obtains through their cultural background. Furthermore, culture often affects the structure of consciousness in the act of listening. When a person seeks to
In a research article written by Richard Hartshorne and Jennifer Baucom (2007), entitled, “Issues Affecting Cross-Cultural Adaptation of International Graduate Students Richard,” published at the Multicultural Learning and Teaching Journal, the issues or challenges that international graduate students related to cross-cultural adaption were investigated. The main idea of the study was that international students need to cope and adjust themselves to a new culture in order to make their learning experiences more meaningful, and in order to achieve this some barriers must be overcome. The main purpose of the study, therefore, was to recognize the diverse barriers that face the international students and then propose ways of overcoming these barriers efficiently. In a much broader sense, the objectives of the study are two-fold: to identify and understand the barriers for inter-cultural adaptation and then provide recommendations on how to lessen or overcome such barriers with the different stakeholders in mind. The revealed that such barriers are a result in differences in the international students’ home culture and the new or host culture, the differences in learning environments, and personal uniqueness or the “self.” Nevertheless, there are also similarities among these four factors. The authors noted that the similarities can be improved and the barriers can be minimized if some initiatives are to be taken. The authors were able to give five initiatives: give them time to
Intercultural communication competence refers to the ability of an individual to adapt and communicate appropriately and effectively across a wide array of cultural contexts. That is to say, for an individual to be considered an intercultural communicator they must understand other’s cultures as well as they understand their own, and apply this understanding to communication (Chen 1-2). With the increasing diversity at the workplace, school and other social settings, it has become increasingly important to learn how to communicate with people from a diverse array of cultures. More importantly, adapting to a more effective intercultural communication competence model provides us with learning opportunities occasioned by the interaction with people from other backgrounds. The intercultural communication competence model comes with some key components including tolerance for uncertainty, self-knowledge, and motivation. The greatest and most important of these aspects is motivation. An individual must be willing to foster relationships with people from a different cultural background. If an individual lacks the willingness to promote intercultural relationships, then other aspects of the intercultural communication model become moot.