International Criminal Court

Protestants in Libya were attacked by security forces, reportedly snipers, under the orders of former leader of Libya Gaddafi and his circle including intelligence chief Abdullah Al-Senussi and son Saif al-Islam. The events left thousands of civilians including women and children, dead and gravely injured which caught the attention of the ICC Prosecutor Luis Moreno Ocampo. Although these crimes were judicially the responsibility of the Libyan government, it had failed in stopping and preventing these crimes from being committed which ultimately made them responsible in the eyes of Justice. Although before the ICC could get their hands on Gaddafi and his sons Libyan authorities in Tripoli arrested them and sentenced his sons and eight other

Unlike what is emphasized by Obama in Extract 1, vast social reforms, immense welfare program, infrastructure-building were underway in Libya. As have been mentioned previously, Libya was one of the Africa’s most prosperous country due to the reforms that were done under Gaddafi’s regime. And as a result, by the time the 2011 crisis was unfolding, few people, mainly in the western world, were inclined to have any sympathy for Gaddafi or take any of his claims seriously, and the attempt of showing Gaddafi in a bad light quickly spread through the western mainstream media and Gaddafi had become hated in the western world. But the trigging factor is that, contrary to popular belief which had been transmitted by so many people, like Barack Obama, Libya under Muammar Gaddafi, whom was often portrayed as “tyrant” and “dictator” was in fact, Africa’s most prosperous democracy-according to the United Nations Development Index, prior to the U.S.-led intervention in 2011; according to the same index(see fig6), Libya had the highest GDP per capta, the lowest infant mortality and the highest life expectancy in all of Africa(see

Abne Waters as he raced to the front entrance of the World Body Criminal Court trying to escape from the rain. He ran on a graphene bridge over the crystal-clear waters of the moat surrounding a twenty-one story glass building. The glass symbolized transparency and openness. Over the ornate gold plated door, a silver placard declared the mission of the World Body Criminal Court to be Veritas et Equitas, or truth and justice. In a rain-soaked new suit, Abne entered the three-story lobby of the judicial building that spanned nearly two football pitches. The park outside continued inside the lobby with a lush oasis of innumerable plants and towering trees from every country in the world to personify unity. The vegetation encircled the edges of the great hall, soaking the Sun’s rays through the glass. The

consulate were linked. According to demonstrators participating in the protests and ousting of the militias, Libyans have had enough of extremists a year after ousting long-time dictator Muammar Gaddafi, especially after the recent attacks. On the other side, those who are pro-Ansar al-Sharia protested in support of the extremist group, justifying the killing of the Americans with the offense the U.S. had committed against Islam with the release of the now notorious film.

Basically, Ratner discusses how we have two challenges: how to make universal rules legitimate amongst a community of diverse nations and how to make these rules effective in the absence of a governing authority. He then goes on to explain how there are four fundamental shifts in these kinds of issues. New Forms, New Players: Rules of international law used to reside in treaties or customary law, but as new domains from the environment to the internet become appropriate for international regulation, states become unwilling to embrace strict rules. Soft law enables states to adjust to the regulation of new areas without fearing punishment upon failure to comply. New participants are making demands

Conclusion For over forty years, Muammar Gaddafi oppressed the people of Libya as dictator, until he was deposed in a popular uprising during the Arab Spring in 2011. During peaceful political demonstrations, Gaddafi’s government allegedly repressed the protests through the systematic use of lethal force against civilians. In response to these acts, the United Nations Security Council adopted a resolution condemning the violence and referring the Gaddafi government’s alleged crimes against humanity to the International Criminal Court. Based on this authority and the existing evidence, the prosecutor of the ICC applied for a warrant which the court subsequently granted.

From 1969 to 2011, dictator Muammar el-Gaddafi forced the people of Libya to live under an authoritarian regime, one of which their individual voices were subdued and their lives greatly oppressed by the single enduring voice of their ruler. The danger of opposing such a voice was made inevitable, and considered to be a sign of betrayal for the ones who dared. In The Country of Men by Hisham Matar addresses how ‘living under an authoritarian regime poses risks to adults and their families who want democracy’ by demonstrating what it is like to live in a place where government exercises extreme control over its people and what the consequences of wanting democracy are for the people who are secretly fighting for

On September 1,1969 Muammar Gaddafi, leader of the Revolutionary Command Council, overthrew King Idris and took control of Libyan government. Gaddafi’s actions were fueled by his want of independence from western civilization and to obtain power over the majority of the oil supply in Libya (Okechukwu, 2012). During his 42 year reign of power, Gaddafi made many

For this discussion I chose to compare law enforcement systems with the United States and Norway. The reason I chose Norway is because a few years ago, my sister briefly had Norwegian neighbors who were in complete shock by America’s crime (especially violent) and fled back to Norway. They told my sister that there is virtually no crime in Norway and the most violence they have seen was one man pushing another.

A citizen has many responsibilities when faced with political injustice. The main responsibility is to take action. In both Of Love and Shadows and in the dictator Muammar Gaddafi. According to biography.com, “Gaddafi used aggressive force to try to suppress the protests, and the violence quickly escalated. Police and foreign mercenaries were brought in to shoot at protesters, and helicopters were sent to bombard citizens from the air. As casualties mounted, Libyans grew more determined to see Gaddafi's ouster. As violence spread through the country, Gaddafi made several rambling speeches on state television, claiming the demonstrators were traitors, foreigners, al-Qaeda and drug addicts. He urged his supporters to continue the fight,

Firstly, he had abandoned the post 1951 Libyan constitution and put his own laws in place in 1970. This kept him and whom he trusted in places of power, even after he left his governmental position. So, although some Libyans had the illusion of freedom while ‘electing’, he had complete power.

The Rome statute of the international criminal court is a treaty that establishes the courts jurisdictions and regulations. Article 21 of the International Criminal Court is the first article to describe which laws and treaties will be applicable to the courts. Since there are many states that are participating in this treaty it becomes very difficult to have very specific laws and regulations for the court since there is a variety of situations that can happen. An important statement is that any international law must be consistent with the Statute before anything, thus giving the power to the ICC statute to be the starting point of any application of laws. The court has to respect the laws within the different states before trying to intervene

Any scholar interested in international governance has probably heard about the International Criminal Court (ICC). The ICC, based in The Hague, is an international court specialised in investigating and prosecuting actors that have committed “the gravest crimes of concern to the international community” such as genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity. The ICC has 124 State Members, notably excluding the United States, Russia and China. Despite the ICC’s successful efforts in fighting impunity, the modus operandi of the Court is a true nightmare for anyone who cares about promoting efficient and coherent decision-making. A clear example of this, is the ICC’s yearly budget approval, which will be the main focus for this paper. As seen in Figure 1.0, the ICC’s Committee on Budget and Finance (CBF) designs a annual budget which then is passed to the Assembly of State Parties (ASP) for approval. It seems straightforward, but in the following paragraphs it will become clear that this sequence has alarming disadvantageous effects. The Court has created an astonishing complicated model which boosts the costs of carrying out any decision. In this paper, I will argue that the current decision-making mechanisms implemented in the ICC, have had serious adverse effects on the functioning of the Court as a whole. I will demonstrate, by applying the key notions presented in Shepsle’s and Munger

It was until the infamous Muammar Gaddafi seized power ,in 1969, through a Coup d’etat that Libya had began to progress. Unfortunately, Gaddafi has been labelled has a “erratic, brutal, defiant dictator” because of the strategies that he used to enhance and enforce his power. It’s been alleged that used various forces to get rid of competition or anyone that opposed him and his way of ruling. This has made it easy for many to discredit him and the many progressive ideas that he’d brought to Libya.

Most individuals who were involved in the protests were led by the belief that it was through the protests that they could better their lives. The majority of the Egyptian citizens have felt down, trodden and despised over the recent years by their governments. Most governments were revolts were witnessed had stayed in power for a long period of time. In Egypt, for example, Mubarak had stayed in power for more than 40 years. Removing him from powered through democratic means had borne no fruits since most presidential elections had been marred by instances or rigging and corruption. He had therefore instituted himself as a president for life. One aspect of Mubarak’s governments was that it was dictatorial. Besides, the people surrounding Mubarak were so powerful that talking negatively about the president could easily lead an individual into trouble.