Intersection of Law and Ethics in Hong Kong

With more than 1.3 billion people, China has to think about a solution and find ways to deal with its population explosion. In order to have control over population, in 1970, a policy named China’s One Child Policy was introduced. Mingliang argues that, “China, through the one-child policy, has instituted the most aggressive, comprehensive population policy in the world” (1). This policy limits all families in the Republic of China to have only one child, regardless of the sex: however, within this policy there are some exceptions. It is possible to have two children only if the first child is born with a disability, if parents work in a high risk job, if the couple lives in villages, or if the family is a non- Han, otherwise you are

Every culture and society does not allow or consider abortion as a rightful act, and abortion is a name of destroying human life. Now a days our society faces several types of issues Abortion is one of the complicated issue for both ways health and society that’s why abortion become a very controversial issue that’s become debatable in politics. In addition, these researches will describe the different issues of abortion, such as, legal laws on abortion, restriction of abortions, rate of abortion and consequences of the abortion.

Legalism is an ancient Chinese philosophy of administration that believes that humans are more inclined to do wrong than right because they are motivated entirely by self-interest. Shi Huangdi was the founder of the Qin dynasty. After conquering the seven kingdoms in ancient China, he halted the Warring States Period and took the throne as the first emperor of the unified Chinese nation. He ruled on the basis of Legalism. To prevent criticism of his rule, Shi Huangdi ordered that all books that seemed to be useless or against him be burned. This included all poetry from the Chou dynasty and all books written by Confucian scholars. The only books from previous eras that Shi Huangdi let off were the practical ones about medicine and farming. Focusing on the issue of media censorship, the current Chinese government governs in a similar way to the way Qin Shi Huangdi once governed. China still blocks and monitor citizens access to several social media services and shuts down media entertainment programs during government events. While some may see this as an extreme form of censorship, we must consider the fact that several other countries have similar policies in place.

“The moral duty to protect vulnerable populations is dogma in ethics and research principles. One would have to argue that the fetus is the utmost of vulnerable populations and yet there are circumstances in which the protection of the fetus is effaced in a maternal decision to refuse delivery by cesarean” (Deshpande, Oxford, 2012). In cases like these, respecting a patient’s autonomy is important. In order for the patient to maintain autonomy though, it is crucial for the medical team to help Maryam and Hossein fully understand the implications of not going through with the cesarean section. Our job as a healthcare provider is to maintain a level of beneficence for our patients; that is, we are to act in their best interest. However, acting in their best interest comes with many legalities as well. It is important to remember though, that what may be ethical is not always

Ethics is something that should be incorporated into many policy making decisions. Policy making is not easy. Incorporating ethics into decisions add another level of difficulty. However, sometimes to make the best decisions, one should take into consideration not only whether it’s technically possible and politically doable, but also whether the decision is

For more than three decades, the Chinese government has forbidden women from having more than one child. The one-child policy requires women to have a permit to have a child, and without the permit, they are required to abort the fetus or kill or abandon the infant after birth. The government will punish those who do not comply as they are still obligated to undergo the procedures. The government's relentlessness to control the population makes women helpless when it comes to protecting themselves and their babies from this sort of state-sponsored abuse as they have no legal standing.

Every day in this world, physicians suction thousands of babies from their mothers’ wombs through a procedure called abortion. Abortion is one of the most controversial issues debated in medical ethics. In the 19th century United States made abortion illegal. However, in 1973, abortion was legalized within the United States of America, which resulted in the termination of over 57 million pregnancies. This equals to 1 pregnancy every 24 seconds. Which means in an hour there are 155 abortions. The moral debate regarding abortion focuses on two specific issues: (1) whether a human fetus has a right to life, and, if so, (2) whether the rights of the mother ever override the fetus's right. The law protects and provides consent to both the mother

In China, families are not allowed to exceed more than one child per household. Human-Rights groups have been condemning them for using mandatory abortions as a way to control population growth. Since 1930, abortion in the Philippines has been completely illegal, except on the grounds that the mother is in emergent, physical danger, at which point, two medical physicians must clear the abortion. According to the Pew Research Center (PRC), “The 1975 Child and Youth Welfare Code established that a person has inherent dignity from the moment of conception. The Constitution of 1987 reinforces this ruling, requiring that the state “equally protect the life of the mother and the life of the unborn from conception.”” Interestingly, Russia takes the leads with the most abortions performed worldwide per year. Their abortion rate is reported to exceed their live births per year. Although many countries differ in their approach, one thing is noticeably the same throughout them all—it seems that all countries and cultures agree that an exception to the laws on abortion acceptable upon comprise of the mother’s

Basically, the Qin state assumed control of the north and northwest states and they began to rule from there and they gradually brought the other states under their control. They adopted the philosophy of Legalism back then which was in favor of a centrally governed state.

What makes this book to be a captivating literature is how the thoughts have been arranged in the book. First, Hvistendahl commits her first two-thirds of the book by investigating on the some of the reasons that are behind the existence of such a dreadful shift in the population within the Asian region. This is a clear indication that she is not just focused on reporting the problem, but analyzes the causes so that appropriate measures can be devised for the purpose of coming up with different ideas of handling such a devastating social problem. As indicated by Hvistendahl, there is planned abortion that is carried out on female offspring upon discovery through ultrasound, and this is carried out also by the wish of the parents (Hvistendahl 149).

Law and morality work together to guide our behavior; while law does it by punishing us if we do something wrong, morality does it through incentives. In their articles, both H.L.A Hart in “Positivism and the Separation of Law and Morals,” and Lon Fuller’s reply to professor Hart in “Positivism and Fidelity to Law,” discuss the concept of law post world war II Germany and their re-imagining of natural law as put forth by Gustav Radbruch’s theory. In this paper, I hope to show how both law and morality is needed to create just rules, more specifically drawing from the “grudge informer” case mentioned in Hart’s article. First, I will explain the dilemma of the “grudge informer” case and the contradicting theory laid down by Radbrunch’s.

The last issue surrounds maternal- foetal conflicts has been the state intervention that requires that all women who are pregnant take care of their pregnancy without a help from the state (Mahowald, 2012). In doing so the state leaves the responsibility to individual parents irrespective of their position in the society. In doing so the state directly punishes women who cannot cater for all their needs in the society. It also places an unnecessary unfair burden to such women. Most of the maternal restrictions would have better off if they were being enforced by parents (Mahowald,

The Code of Ethics for the Health Information Management team is a very serious topic that should never be taken lightly. If your staff is not trained properly according to the code and, or if your staff is trained properly, but not adhering to the code…then your team could face some serious repercussions in the not so distant future. Yes we’ve all heard the saying that, some rules are meant to be broken, but be forewarned…these are not the rules you want to play with. The code includes principles and guidelines that are pretty straightforward and the HIM Staff should have no issues in heading in the right direction with these policies; however, if they don’t follow through these policies are enforceable.

Abortion is a major subject but believes in women’s right to make decision of her and her baby. Policy should not interfere in family matters. Some specific situation where the patient should have the option for abortion; for example, rape and abnormality in the fetus, where mother’s life is in danger

Ethics and law do not always go hand in hand. Not every law is ethical, and even if a law is considered ethical on its surface, it may result in unethical outcomes. "Ethics refers to well-founded standards of right and wrong that prescribe what humans ought to do, usually in terms of rights, obligations, benefits to society, fairness, or specific virtues.”