Introduction. Chemistry Is Being Applied Everywhere And

Ultimately, the purpose of this experiment is to determine the unknown concentration of hydrochloric acid, by performing a series of titrations between sodium hydroxide and potassium phthalate in order to standardized the sodium hydroxide to be used to identify the concentration of the hydrochloric acid.During each of the titrations, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was used to titrate potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP); during each of the trials, sodium hydroxide was gradually added to the KHP from the burette to the beaker. After each addition of sodium hydroxide, the pH was recorded in order to form the titration curve, which can be seen in Graphs 1 and

1.5mL of phosphoric acid including 3-4 boiling chips were also added to the 25mL flask. The short path distillation apparatus was set up as shown in Figure 1. A heating mantle was used to heat up the 25mL flask. The solution was distilled to the receiving flask until a small amount of liquid remained in the initial RBF flask. At this point the presence of thick grey smoke pulling over into the entire apparatus was observed. The apparatus was then left to cool down. Through the use of pasture pipette, the aqueous layer from the distilled solution was drawn out. Sodium carbonate was then added to the remaining organic solution in order to check the pH and to verify the basicity of the solution. The aqueous layer was again drawn out from the solution. Next, 0.5g of sodium sulfate was added to the remaining organic layer and was swirled until the liquid appeared to be dry and clear. The alkenes were transferred into a clean 10mL flaks using another clean pasture pipe. The apparatus from the first distillation was rinsed off with

Three grams of a mixture containing Benzoic Acid and Naphthalene was obtained and placed in 100 ml beaker and added 30 ml of ethyl acetate for dissolving the mixture. A small amount (1-2 drops) of this mixture was separated into a test tube. This test tube was covered and labelled as “M” (mixture). This was set to the side and used the following week for the second part of lab. The content in the beaker was then transferred into separatory funnel. 10 ml of 1 M NaOH added to the content and placed the stopper in the funnel. In the hood separatory funnel was gently shaken for approximately one minute and vent the air out for five seconds. We repeated the same process in the same manner one more time by adding 10ml of 1M NaOH.

Acids are substances that donate hydrogen ions and bases are substances that accept hydrogen ions. Acids and bases react with each other by transferring hydrogen ions. One way to distinguish an acid is by its equivalent mass, which is the number of grams of the acid needed to transfer one mole of hydrogen ion to a base. For a monoprotic acid, which only transfers one hydrogen ion, its equivalent mass equals its molar mass. For a diprotic acid, which transfers two hydrogen ions, its equivalent mass equals half its molar mass. The equivalent mass of a base is simply the number of grams required to accept one mole of hydrogen

When studying chemisty, you must grasp how reactions can form acids or bases, as well as what effect that has on pH. A basic understanding of chemistry is important in biology, because living things are composed of matter.

Ka is the acid dissociation constant and [HA] is the concentration of the weak acid . Strong acids usually completely dissociate and has a Ka value greater than 1. Weak acids don’t dissociate completely and have a Ka value much smaller than 1. pKa values are often used for weak acids due to being able to work with whole numbers

In this lab, the alkalinity, or buffering capacity, of three samples of water was tested. Indicator dye was added to the samples and acid of known normality was added until the alkaline components were depleted at near pH 4.2. The Na2CO3 solution sample was found to have an alkalinity equivalent of 270 mg-CaCO3. The NaOH solution was found to have an alkalinity equivalent of 205 mg-CaCO3. The tap water solution was found to possess an alkalinity equivalent of 310 mg-CaCO3.

After that, both spouts were closed and the burets were filled with the solution being used to around the zero mark. Some solution had to flow out in order for there to be no air bubbles at the tip of the burets. The burets were then labeled acid or base to fit their corresponding solutions. To start the titration, the initial values of the burets were recorded in the data table. A known volume, 10 mL, of HCl was delivered to the Erlenmeyer flask, and a few drops of the indicator, phenolphthalein, were added also. In the first trial, 3 drops of this was used. Then, the spout of the buret containing the NaOH solution was opened, and the chemical was added to the flask. While the NaOH was mixing with the other solutions, the flask was constantly being swirled. As the color changed briefly and returned to normal, the flow of the NaOH was slowed down. By adjusting the spout of the buret, the flow was drop by drop. If the color became too bright pink, single drops of HCl were supplied to the solution to get it to a faint pink color. The endpoint was determined by swirling the flask for at least a minute, and seeing if the color stayed while viewing it on top of a white piece of paper so the color was more

As you walk down the street you are surrounded by chemistry. It is responsible for how many things work for example how your car gets you to school, how soaps clean you, and even how your cell phone charges. But one of the most profound and common chemical reaction that occurs is to formation of rust.

In this lab a acid-base indicator phenolphthalein was used to determine endpoint of a reaction HCl(aq) and KOH(aq). At the end point all of the HCl(aq) would have reacted with KOH(aq), and the pH becomes 7. The phenolphthalein would changed colours from colourless to pink indication when enough KOH(aq) was added. The purpose of numerous trials was to use the average volume of the 3 trials with similar measurements.

An acid-base titration is the determination of the concentration of an acid or base by exactly neutralizing the acid/base with an acid or base of known concentration. This allows for quantitative analysis of the concentration of an unknown acid

This investigation will explore the effect of pH

After 5mL of the sodium hydroxide was used in the titration the remaining amount of sodium hydroxide was added into the Erlenmeyer flask very slowly until the solution reached the equivalence point, then the indictor turned a light pink color and the endpoint was reached. When the solution turned a light pink color the stopcock was closed and the Volume was recorded.

This is tο certify that Mr. /Ms. ______________________________ (Rοll nο), student οf Chemical Engineering, _____ semester, οf Nirma University, has satisfactοrily cοmpleted the seminar οn POLYMERS USED IN CHEMICAL SENSRS as a partial fulfillment tοwards the degree οf B. Tech. in Chemical Engineering.

The subjects for this study will be undergraduate students enrolled in either Introduction to Chemistry, a natural science, or General Psychology, a social science, at the University of Arkansas in Spring 2018. Students will enroll in courses based on their own academic preferences. These courses are both scheduled for 50-minute discussion sections that meet two days a week (TTh) from either 9:30 – 10:20 or 10:30 – 11: 20. All identifying features of the student (e.g. names or student ID number) will be replaced with random 7-digit ID numbers that the researchers will assign to each student on the first day of the course. The condition each identification number is in will not be revealed until the experiment has concluded and the data is