Introduction
In the first part of this experiment we used a flat, concave, and convex mirror to determine the relationship between the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection for a light rays reflection on these mirrors, seen in Procedure A. In the second part of this experiment we used a light source, a three-way mirror, a rhombus prism, and a protractor to measure angles of a light ray. All of these instruments and devices were used to examine the relationship of the angle of incidence and the angle of refraction for a light ray passing through a rhombus prism, seen in Procedure B. Lastly, in the third part of this experiment we used an acrylic rhomboid to observe the dispersion through the lens, seen in Procedure C and then proceed with calculating the different indices or refraction for different colors of light, seen in Procedure D.
Theory
Part A: Reflection
We observe the Law of Reflection, which states that the angle of incidence will equal the angle of reflection coming from a beam of light. As Procedure A will show, when a beam of light is directed on a mirror being either flat, concave, or convex the beam of light will change directions according to the mirrors. The angle between the normal line and the first beam is known as the angle of incidence, (ϴi). The angle between the normal and reflected beam is known as the angle of the reflection, (ϴr). With these symbols we obtain the equation: ϴi= ϴr
Part B: Refraction
When a beam of light is directed
surface of a glass. With concave mirrors, the reflection would appear to be out in front of a
6. A common problem with refracting telescopes is a fringe of false color around the image, caused by the inability of a large lens to refract all colors of the spectrum to a common focus. This is known as ______.
The diffraction grating was used to measure the angle values of different light colors using a collimator. The wavelength of each light beam according to the corresponding color was then calculated using the specific angle value. In this procedure, a telescope was used to form an image from the diffracted light from the transmission grating. A mercury light source was also used as a light ray source of
The Reflection of Victor Frankenstein and his creation Victor Frankenstein had the ability to love, to be loved, and to be accepted. He was well educated, and found the power to give life. The life he would create would not have what Victor have. He would not be a human or have the ability to love or be loved. He would be a monster.
The absorbances for the Cary 60 were more accurate than the absorbances for the Ocean Optics when compared against accepted absorbance values (Appendix C) for the absorbance accuracy and linearity portion of the experiment (tables 2 and 3). These differences can be attributed to stray light and background corrections. Because the Ocean Optics sample holder is exposed to outside light, it is more prone to scattered light error, which inflates the absorbance expected. The Cary 60 does not suffer from this issue because it is in a dark environment. Also, as previously discussed, the Cary 60 corrects for background whereas the Ocean Optics instrument does not.
12. Change to pulse, fixed end with zero dampening and high tension. Send a pulse and observe what happens to the reflected wave. Sketch the pulse shape before and after the reflection with the fixed end.
A spectrophotometer is an instrument which measures the amount of light of a specified wavelength which passes through a medium. This instrument is usually used for the measurement of reflectance of solutions. Light is separate into different wavelengths and is being passed through the sample solution. The sample solution will have its own wavelength and will absorb a certain amount of light. The higher the molecular concentration, the higher the absorbance value.
In 1610 on the 7th of January four moons, called the Galilean moons were discovered by Galileo Galilei. Using his homemade telescope he observed them for many nights, he drew notes and recorded the movement in a journal (Figure 3). Ganymede is one of the largest, most well-known moons of Jupiter and it is also the largest satellite in our solar system. It is larger than Mercury and Pluto, and three quarters the size of Mars. If Ganymede didn’t orbit Jupiter as moon it would easily be classified as a planet.
Reflection occurs when a particular wave, or waves, bounce, or reflect back from an object through which they cannot pass. An echo is a good example of a reflection wave interaction, but reflection can occur with other types of waves, too. Light waves can be reflected too. A light source, such as a light bulb or the sun, gives light to an object. That object reflects some of the light, and when the light that has been reflected hits one’s eye, he or she could see the object.When waves hit an object, they reflect back in the same direction. Waves that are reflected have the same speed and frequency as the original wave, so only their direction is changed. On the other hand, when waves hit an object at an angle, they bounce at the same degree of angle, but in a different direction (CK-12 Foundation, 2017).
In part two of the experiment, the spectrophotometer was turned on and set to read the % transmittance of 600 nm wavelength light. 6 cuvettes were then obtained and labeled B-1 and B-2 (to
Description of Experiment/Investigation Purpose: The purpose of this lab was to be able to see the various ways that light interacts with different surfaces. The lab shows how incident light rays can be absorbed, reflected, and refracted based upon the object with which it comes in contact. Description of the Use of Materials: For this lab, a flashlight was needed to represent a beam of incident light and to test how the beam coming from the flashlight interacted with various materials. In addition, the room had to be dark for optimal results in seeing the incident light. To test the reaction of the light with various objects: a comb, a white piece of paper, a triangular prism, a CD, powder, mirror, wax paper, tissue paper, glass of water,
The chemical compounds that were used to make the solutions in this part of the experiment are: Tin (II) Chloride, Hydrochloric acid, and Sodium Chloride. The new solutions that were made had values that were given in a table in the Laboratory Manual. Similar steps were performed in this part of the experiment that were also performed in the first part. The solutions were put into cuvettes, that were then put into the colorimeter machine, which displayed the absorbance, transmittance, and time values. After this information was collected it was put into an Excel spreadsheet and a graph of the time versus absorbance was generated.
The methodology for this experiment required a lot of careful measurement and calculations. The procedure consisted of many detailed steps to ensure accuracy when recording measurements. This experiment was carried out in an enclosed, darkened room because the the nature of the experiment requires a controlled temperature. Carrying out eight trials for each color of construction paper was a more accurate way of collecting a large quantity of data. In this experiment there were five groups of material (color) and eight experimental units in each group. There was a total of forty sheets of construction paper used; eight sheets of each of the five colors. The reason for testing five different colors was to determine a trend across the color spectrum in regards to the amount of radiant energy each color is able to absorb.
The information from the experiment could be useful in fields that study things based on light. Fields like in astronomy see that the light that they receive might be distorted a lot based on the temperatures of liquids in spaces. This could be useful because stuff like asteroids could have liquids that might reflect some light making it hard to detect. Also, light coming from other plants as the planet can distort light a lot due to atmosphere containing different temperatures. Though this experiment only tested light refraction from liquids there could be another experiment that could test if this priority of light could be used on other mediums like air. This could be helpful in the matter of refraction on other planets.