Proceedings of Heat Transfer
MAE 589
Spring 2015, Tempe, Arizona, USA
MAE589-00001
ANALYSIS OF HEAT TRANSFER DURING HYPERTHERMIA
Syed Hussaini
Arizona State University
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Tempe, AZ, USA Pratik Sankhe
Arizona State University
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Tempe, AZ, USA
Abstract
Hyperthermia is a cancer treatment wherein the cancerous cells are killed by electromagnetic heating of malignant tumor tissue. This study is focused on the effect of using a 432 MHz antenna heating source for hyperthermia treatment of tissue. Temperatures of 42 °C to 46 °C are required to kill the cancer cells while the healthy tissue is unaffected. The Pennes Bio-Heat Equation is used to obtain a numerical solution of the tissue temperature profile. A 1-D analytical solution required to make quick calculation is derived and compared with the 2-D numerical solution solved by Finite Difference Method (FDM). Also, the effect of variable tissue properties in the tissue region of tumor and healthy tissue is determined and the effect of a large blood vessel is also determined.
INTRODUCTION
Cancer is a malignant disease that can cause death if not treated on time. Hyperthermia is a treatment in which Electromagnetic (EM) waves are used to heat up the tissue containing the tumor for therapeutic purposes. The cancerous cells are killed if they are heated in the range of 42 °C to 46 °C for an established period of time which is
Cancer is defined as the abnormal, uncontrolled division of cells in the body. This uncontrollable growth causes a growth or tumour on the body. The tumours that are formed can either be benign or malignant. Malignant tumours can attack other cells and destroy them. Cancer has been around for ages and millions of people have died from cancer. There are many types of cancer and there are different reasons why people get cancer. Luckily, there are many treatments in place to help people who have cancer. Some popular options for treating cancer would be surgically removing the tumour or growth, or undergoing radiation therapy or chemotherapy. These treatments are commonly used amongst patients who have cancer. Alternatively there is another treatment that could be used to cure cancer, Proton Therapy. Proton Therapy works by directing a strong dose of radiation to the cancerous tumour (Advanced Particle Therapy, n.d.). In this essay, the advantages and disadvantages of Proton Therapy will be discussed in
Malignant Hyperthermia is primarily thought to be an autosomal dominant genetic disorder that causes a hypermetabolic state after administration of volatile anesthetics. When a patient is under anesthesia, the muscles are usually relaxed, but when a patient is experiencing Malignant Hyperthermia crisis, certain IV anesthesia causes the opposite effect. Most inhaled anesthetics other than nitrous oxide, cause or trigger Malignant Hyperthermia. More specifically, the anesthetic agents: Halothane, Chloroform, and Succinylcholine. The genic condition of Malignant Hyperthermia only becomes apparent when a patient is exposed to certain anesthetics such as halothane, which causes muscle rigidity.
High-energy rays (radiation therapy) to help shrink or kill the tumor. There are different types of radiation therapy,
Malignant Hyperthermia is a life-threatening, genetic disorder that involves the skeletal muscles. It commonly occurs intraoperatively and postoperatively when inhalant agents such as halothane, enflurane, and isoflurane are used, as well as some muscle relaxants such as succinylcholine and curare. It
Hypothermia and hyperthermia are very different disorders. The definition of hypothermia is the condition of having an abnormally low body temperature, typically one that is dangerously low. The definition of hyperthermia is the condition of having a body temperature greatly above normal.
Thermage treatment is dependent upon the radiofrequency to generate the heat to trigger the regeneration process of the cell underneath the skin. It also involves the cooling effect to protect the skin outside and to provide maximum
Some chemotherapy drugs can damage your hair cells. Cooling of the scalp is a proven approach to reduce chemotherapy-induced hair loss that has been used successfully by tens of thousands of patients worldwide. The reduced temperature results
Several research studies have hypothesised that hyperthermia significantly potentiates the effects of radiation therapy on tumors. However, some scholars argue that radiation therapy and hyperthermia works independently during the management of tumors. The primary goal of hyperthermia in colorectal cancer management is to produce temperatures that range above 41-42 degrees centigrade. Temperatures above these levels have been seen to have a direct cytotoxic effect on tumor cells, as well as healthy cells. Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy can be described as a highly concentrated and heated chemotherapy management, which is directly administered to into the abdomen during surgical procedures. Unlike the conventional chemotherapy administration
These days the treatment of cancer has taken all encompassing ways. The doctors can opt for removing the tumors surgically, injecting the chemicals to destroy the cancer cells or utilize the radiation therapy. Various experiments are carried out clinically to aim the cancer cells in a better manner. Though, there are people who promote a different path of treating the cancer, the natural way.
What is there was an effective, healthier way to treat breast cancer? One with limited effects? According to the National Cancer Institute, hyperthermia is a type of treatment in which body tissue is raised to very high temperatures. It can kill or damage the cancer cells. Hyperthermia can shrink tumors by destroying proteins within the cells. Hyperthermia is a healthier way to treat breast cancer because it is safer, it is more natural, and it could help to cure other cancers in the future.
Cancer is a disease in which cells multiply out of control and gradually build a mass of tissue called a tumor. There has been a large amount of research dedicated to the treatment and cure of cancer. Several types of treatments have been developed. The following are just some of the major examples of cancer therapy: surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, biologic therapy, biorhythms, unconventional treatments, and hyperthermia. Each type of treatment is discussed in detail below.
As this type of therapy is relatively new, perhaps you may be unfamiliar with it. Cryotherapy is a noninvasive treatment that entails using exceptionally low temperature for destroying the abnormal cells. Originally, it was used for treating benign skin growths, but today is used on malignant growths, as well as internally.
The Transurethal Microwave Therapy procedure is also known as TUMT. This is a treatment that is used to treat benign prosthatic hyperplasia, or an enlarged prostate. It involves inserting a microwave antenna through the penis and into the urethra. The antenna will emit a small amount of microwave energy, which will destroy the excess prostate tissue.
In 2007, it is predicted that almost 1.5 million people will be diagnosed with cancer in the United States (Pickle et al., 2007). More than half of these cancer patients will undergo the use of radiation as a means for treating cancer at some point during the course of their disease (Perez and Brady, 1998). Cancer, a disease caused by an uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells, affects millions of people around the world. Radiotherapy is one of the well known various methods used to treat cancer, where high powered rays are aimed directly at the tumor from the outside of the body as external radiation or an instrument is surgically placed inside the body producing a result of internal radiation. Radiation is delivered to the cancerous regions of the body to damage and destroy the cells in that area, terminating the rapid growth and division of the cells. Radiation therapy has been used by medicine as a treatment for cancer from the beginning of the twentieth century, with its earliest beginnings coming from the discovery of x-rays in 1895 by Wilhelm Röntgen. With the advancements in physics and computer programming, radiation had greatly evolved towards the end of the twentieth century and made the radiation treatment more effective. Radiation therapy is a curative treatment approach for cancer because it is successful in killing cancerous tumor cells and stop them from regenerating.
Heat transfer processes are prominent in engineering due to several applications in industry and environment. Heat transfer is central to the performance of propulsion systems, design of conventional space and water heating systems, cooling of electronic equipment, and many manufacturing processes (Campos 3).