Essay Investigation of Dark Matter

In concordance with Christian doctrines, this system implies that heaven and the throne of God lie beyond the tenth sphere. On the other hand, during the first half of the 16th century, Polish cleric Copernicus developed an astronomical model which positions the motionless Sun at the center of the universe, with the Earth, the moon, and six other planets revolving at a constant speed around it. He argues that all stars were at rest and that their nightly movements are simply indications of the earth’s rotation. However, members of the Church, especially Protestants, who interpreted the Bible literally, refused to grant Copernicus credit for his theory. Nevertheless, once released among the population, the Copernican theory raised support from various scholars, a few of whom, such as Brahe, Kepler, and Galileo, went on to dedicate their career to solidify its legitimacy. With their use of mathematical reasoning, instead of antic philosophy, the Copernican theory finally became justified among the population. Pertaining to its influence among laypeople, the Copernican theory raised various questions against the

Aristotle’s model by today’s standards can easily be picked apart, but at the time, it was the best explanation that could be made with so little technology and insight. Although his theories have long since been replaced, they created a base for future scientists to work off of and challenge. Over time many great scientists began to question Aristotle’s theories. Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543), for example, contested the absolute significance of the earth, and he did not agree that it should be viewed as the center of the entire universe (Lizhi & Youquan, 1987). He plotted the earth at the center of the universe and created a heliocentric system just as mathematically complicated as the Ptolemaic system (one that also improved on Aristotle’s), but it explained a number of anomalies, including resolving the issue of retrograde motion (Ede, A. & Cormack, L., 2004). The problem was that Aristotle’s physics of ‘natural motion’ fell apart without the earth in the center of everything.

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The geocentric model created by Ptolemy, and the heliocentric model created by Copernicus, had greatly differed in which force of being (the sun or the earth,) was the center of the universe. Ptolemy’s Geocentric

Beginning with Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) and his heliocentric conception and ending with Isaac Newton (1642-1727) and his proposal of Universal Laws and a mechanical universe, the Scientific Revolution had many advancements in the scientific field. For example, Tycho Brahe kept detailed records of his observations on the positions and movements of planets. This ultimately helped Brahe make a significant contribution to the scientific field because he was able to create detailed records of the solar system. Brahe’s work is

She is most notable for providing a great deal of compelling evidence, alongside Dr. Kent Ford, that proved Fritz Zwicky’s Theory of the existence of Dark Matter.2 Zwicky stated that individual galaxies within the Coma Cluster were moving so fast that if they were only held by the gravity of its visible mass that it would escape. Since he found no evidence of the cluster falling apart he concluded that there must be something else holding it together that was nearly 10 times that of visible matter, he called this Dark matter.2 While working with Dr. Ford, they began analyzing the light coming from stars in spiral galaxies. They used what is called the “Doppler effect” which states the wavelength shift is proportional to the speed of the light source relative to the observer. This uses the wavelength of light in how it is approaching or moving away from the observer. When a light source moves away from you it presents a red color and when it comes toward you it presents a blue light. After measuring several stars in different parts

theory that the sun is at rest near the center of the universe, and that the

Dark matter is a very mysterious concept and scientist are not sure what it is . Dark matter is a substance that we do not know exactly what it is. Dark matter is something that is matter but is invisible to the best machines.Some of them are x-ray telescopes and dark matter is too cold for the machines to see. Can you believe that you can't see dark matter with our technology?

After a thorough study he prepared a revolutionary theory that stated that the planets move in a circle formation rather than moving in an elliptical form. The system given by Galileo known as Ptolemaic system in which each planet has a system of two spheres one is called as a deferent and the other is termed as its epicycle. In this system it was argued that the Earth was in the center position of the universe while half the stars were above the horizon and other half of that stars were below the horizon. There was also an assumption that the stars are at a modest distance from the center of the universe. If somehow there is a displacement of Earth from its position, which is the center position, then this division will be into visible and invisible stars will not be equal. The Copernicus remains speculative in spite of the influence of the Maraghaschool as there was no documentary evidence to prove his system. There were many articles that argue that there is a biblical perspective which appear in some newsletters that indicates the apparent movement of the Sun and the Moon around the Earth rather than showing that the rotation of the Earth about its own

Astronomers have used Newton's laws of motion and gravity to explain the role of dark matter in the orbital speeds of stars and clouds of gas within galaxies, in addition, the same laws were used to explain dark matter in clusters. This would mean that if Newton's law was flawed in some way and gravity didn't work the way scientists believe it does, these laws could not be used to defend the existence of dark matter.

Dark Matter is a great novel that shows the idea of tolerance and assimilation through setting, character, and symbol. The author develops the idea of tolerance and assimilation in the novel, Dark Matter, by putting the main character in alternate universes. The main character, Jason, faces many different struggles in these universes. He travels to over 20 different universes, some he risks his life in but he overcame that to get back to his family. Jason adapts to the universes around him, he keeps calm, and keeps trying to figure out ways to get back to his family. There are numerous examples of Jason doing this in Dark Matter, here are the ones that stick out to me the most.

Dark Matter and Dark Energy are important. They can help us know how the universe began. These two are the mysteries of the universe; they compose about 90% of the universe. They are mysteries because we believe that they exist but we can’t see them or detect them. People question whether they manifest to be the same thing. Astronomers know very little about their constitution so they cannot assume they are related.

“The universe is made mostly of dark matter and dark energy, and we don’t what either of them is,” a quote by Nobel Prize winning astrophysicist Saul Perlmutter. Dark Matter is currently a conundrum for modern physicist. Only 4% of our universe is known to us, which means 96% is still a mystery. This paper will focus on the dark matter that currently makes up 27% of our current universe. To understand dark matter, we must understand how we came to identify dark matter. From there we can understand where it came from, are there certain types of dark matter, the current theories of dark matter and finally where do we go with our current understanding.

The Catholic Church played an important role at the time when all the works in which the movement of the earth was admitted, Catholics were forbidden to teach, and even read, the Copernican theories. The “Copernican Theory” modeled some problems of enormous importance for Christian’s obviously theological nature. Leaders like Martin Luther and John Calvin told us that Scripture brandished against Nicolaus Copernicus and provoked repression against its followers, but generally abandon the fight Protestantism once the “Theories of Copernicus” were confirmed with indisputable evidence. In this paper, I will first evaluate the history about how “Copernican Theory” and its model of the earth came into existence. I will also analyze the “Copernican Theory” in light of Churches idea of the earth being flat. I will ultimately argue that Nicolaus Copernicus played an important role in the history of Philosophy of Science.

For describing the motion of rigid bodies, we shall introduce the key concept of ‘centre of mass’. This concept enables us to understand how we can apply justifiably the Newton’s laws of motion, in essentially the same form to objects of large size including even the astronomical objects like the planets and the stars.