Dark Matter and Dark Energy Essay

Dark matter and dark energy are two entities that have very little known about them, except that they make up about 95 percent of the universe. Even though this is a large part of the universe, it wasn’t even thought about until the 1960’s or the 1970’s. This is because of the fact that it is very hard to detect and almost impossible to see. Although it is impossible to see, we can see the effects of them both in our galaxy.

The particles include photinos, neutrinos, gravitinos, axions, and magnetic monopoles, among many others. Of these, researchers have detected only neutrinos -- and whether neutrinos have any mass remains unknown. Experiments are under way to detect other exotic particles. If they exist, and if one has a mass in the correct range, then that particle might pervade the universe and constitute dark matter.

Cosmology is the study of the universe, its workings, how it was made, and what it will become. How the universe began has always been a wonder to humans. One

Dark matter and dark energy are two things that have confused scientists and astronomers since their discovery around the 1900s but we are slowly learning what they are.

Astronomers believe there is enough dark matter in the universe to slow its expansion gradually toward a stop.

Did you know that “it has been 50 years since two scientists found landmark evidence for the Big Bang theory?”(Kramer,2014) The Bang Theory aka BBT is the most popular explanation about the start of our universe that is widely accepted/acknowledged. The theory is that “the entire Universe is spreading apart, with distant galaxies speeding away from us in all directions. Run the clock backwards to 13.8 billion years ago, and everything in the Cosmos started out as a single point in space. In an instant, everything expanded outward from that location, forming the energy, atoms and eventually the stars and galaxies we see today.” (Cain, 2013) The Big Bang Theory is possibly right because of the evidence/research backed up by it such as exploration done by Edwin Hubble, data found by both Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson, and background radiation that had been found that is believed to be created by the Big Bang.

We are not quite sure exactly how it happened or even how long it took to happen. According to www. Space.com it underwent an incredible growth spurt and doubled in size at least 90 times. This marks the beginning of an extraordinary set of circumstances that created a perfect storm. It was a chaotic set of circumstances the temperature cooled than heated then combined and light appeared and was eventually followed by complete darkness. This light is detectable today and can be researched which will hopefully lead to answers that we have been wanting to answer for many years. Nearly 400 million years after our universe made its appearance in this dramatic and chaotic performance it began to come out of its dark ages. This phase of our universe lasted for a very long time and during this time our very first stars and galaxies appeared. The birth of our Solar System happened approximately after our universe turned 4.6 billion years old. It is believed to have been formed out of a “giant, rotating cloud of gas and dust known as the nebula.” In 1960 dark matter was discovered and remain one of the biggest unanswered questions today. Earth made its entrance approximately 4.54 billion years ago. At its beginning it wouldn’t have been able to be inhabited by humans. Volcanic activity was the norm and at one point there was a collision with another body that is thought

There have been many theories concerning what the universe looks like, how it became this way, and where it is going. The most popular theory that people hold today is that the universe began when all the matter ever present in the universe was contained in a tiny speck and that spec exploded. This is known as the Big Bang. This theory has developed a great deal since it was first conceptualized and continues to evolve today. Many different scientists have had a hand in this.

Dark matter is a very mysterious concept and scientist are not sure what it is . Dark matter is a substance that we do not know exactly what it is. Dark matter is something that is matter but is invisible to the best machines.Some of them are x-ray telescopes and dark matter is too cold for the machines to see. Can you believe that you can't see dark matter with our technology?

Light is the fastest form of energy on earth which nothing can compare. But there is something that can consume this energy. This comes in the form of a black hole which will take the energy of the light and end the travel of speed. The mystery behind the black hole has people unsure what it truly is. Thousands of years ago, John Michelle, a British mathematician noticed the black star in the sky. In 1793 he described these dark stars as a hole that could omit energy faster than light, based on Newton’s laws of gravity (Talcott, 2016). Giving up on the black star, it wasn’t until Albert Einstein, 1915, with his theory of relativity that the initial explanation would begin on the black hole (Talcott, 2016).

Dark matter is the idea of unseen matter in the universe that affects the gravitation and mass of varying objects, such as stars and galaxies. Dark matter is hard to see and find because unlike matter, it does not reflect or emit light. It also does not affect the electromagnetic fields in the universe (CERN 1). Dark matter can either be “hot” or “cold.” “Cold” dark matter means when the big bang occurred it was not moving fast enough to affect the formation of galaxies. Dark matter can also be “hot,” meaning it was moving fast enough to affect a galaxy’s matter (White 1).

When talking about vacuum energy you have to take holographic principle into account. It is because the vacuum energy gets dynamical property when it is evolving. Holographic vacuum energy behaves as a type of dark energy. When the universe just started because of the Big Bang the universe was small and all the matter was closer together than today. When all the galaxies where closer together gravity was the dominant force, which means that the acceleration of the universe was slower. If there was less space in the universe and vacuum energy comes from space itself it was a small part of the early universe. People think that it has been around 13.7 billion years since the Big Bang and now the universe has grown much bigger and the galaxies

Dark matter is the thing that makes it possible for galaxies to exist. When calculated why the universe is structured the way it is, it quickly became clear that there is just not enough normal matter. The gravity of the visible matter is not strong enough to form galaxies and complex structures 2. The stars would more likely be scattered all over the universe and not form galaxies. It is therefore known that there is something else inside and around them. Something that doesn't emit or reflect light; Something dark. Besides being able to calculate the existence of dark matter, humans can also see it, only partially. Places with a high concentration of dark matter bend light passing nearby. This leads scientists to believe that there is something there that interacts with gravity. Right now, there are more ideas about what

The universe around us is, without a doubt, the strangest place known to man. Mysteries beyond imagination lie in the incomprehensively massive place this little Earth calls home. Consequently, scientist’s greatest mission today lies in the great unknown. Every day these scientists work to uncover the mysteries of the universe, to bring light to the darkness of space. One of these discoveries, and possibly one of the most crucial, is nothing. To clarify, one of scientists’ most important discoveries is the presence of cosmic voids, or the vast emptiness that occupies the majority of the universe. But why is “nothing” so important? In the December 2016 release of the Discover magazine, Adam Hadhazy published an article, Why Nothing Really Matters,

Scientists can only directly observe 20 percent of the known universe, the remainder of the material is unseen (Grant 2013). While 26.8 percent is known as dark matter (Redd 2014) a type of subatomic particle that has not yet been characterized (Grant 2013). Dark matter does not emit energy or light making it a problem for scientists to prove it even exists (Redd 2014). By ruling out what dark matter cannot be, this helps provide a better understanding and helps to narrow the possibilities down (Science.nasa.gov 2014). Accidentally stumbling upon signs of dark matter in the 1930s and further studies during the 1950s implied that there was a lot more matter in the universe that could be observed by the naked eye (Drexler 2009), there have