Macbeth: Three Forms of Irony
Macbeth, is a story of a man whose ambitions have caused him to commit treason and murder. Visions of power grew within his head until his thirst for power caused him to lose his life. It is the ironic and symbolic elements such as this that contribute to the great depth of the play and transform it from a mere play to a literary art form.
Three forms of irony may be found in the play, Macbeth: Dramatic irony, being the difference between what the audience knows and what a character knows to be true; Verbal Irony, being a difference between what is said and what is meant; and Situational Irony, a difference between what happens and what is expected to happen. I will attempt to show examples of
…show more content…
One of my favorite examples of dramatic irony is the porter scene in Act II, iii because of the hidden truths the stuporous drunk revealed. The porter acts the part of the porter at hell-gate in line 2,
Porter: "If a man were porter of hell-gate, he should have old turning the key."
He continues to dramatize through line 17,
Porter: "But this place is too cold for hell. I'll devil-porter it no further..."
After the king's murder is discovered, it is almost comedic the way Lady Macbeth responds to the announcement of King Duncan's murder. First she enters in mock confusion questioning,
Lady Macbeth: "What's the business, That such a hideous trumpet calls to parley
The sleepers of the house? speak, speak!" (II,iii,84-86)
One can imagine the actor portraying Lady Macbeth embellishing her performance almost to the point at which it might be called over-acting. Then, with Macduff's reply refusing to tell her what has happened for "The repetition in a woman's ear Would murder as it fell," one can not help but ignore the serious tone of the scene to laugh at the irony of his choice of words. The lady then plays her innocence more by replying in alarm to Macduff's telling Banquo of the murder,
Lady Macbeth: "Woe, alas! What in our house?" (II,iii,92)
Possibly the most enjoyed form of irony in the play is verbal. For example, the exit of Macbeth at his final visit to the
In William Shakespeare's romantic tragedy, Romeo and Juliet, the two main characters are people from enemy families, who fall deeply in love. Romeo and Juliet is one of Shakespeare's most famous plays. Shakespeare uses many stylistic devices to create this tragedy but most importantly he uses irony to develop this tragedy. Verbal irony is used to create humor and relief the audience, While dramatic and situational irony are used for tragic effects. Irony can can be found throughout the play. Shakespeare uses 3 different kinds of Irony: Verbal, situational, and dramatic irony to create the tragedy know as Romeo and Juliet.
Irony, a key element to a tragic play like Macbeth, has the ability to make the tragic hero appear more villainous or the down-fall seem even more tragic.
There are many more examples that use dramatic irony to further support the theme and prompt of revenge. “I hate the moor...will do as if for surety” (pg. 55). This is one of the reasons that Iago gives for justifying his revenge against Othello. Another example, is when Emilia believes that somebody is telling Othello lies about Desdemona. “The Moor’s abused...scurvy fellow” (pg.203). Emilia wants to get revenge on who may be telling lies to Othello about Desdemona. Which is ironic because, it is her own husband. Lastly, “I kissed thee ere I killed thee...to die upon a kiss” (pg.265). Othello obtained revenge for killing his wife
The most obvious use of dramatic irony is in the prologue. The chorus summarizes the entire play in a fourteen line
After the “deed” is carried out Macbeth is full of remorse. He is shaken by the sin he has committed and it is Lady Macbeth who soothes his nerves once he comes back to the castle. This shows Lady Macbeth’s remarkable strength of will through the murder. She even jokes about
In Act 3 scene I, we see dramatic irony right from the start when the
In this play different types of irony help in the development of characters, and as a result convey the themes of the play. First, Macbeth invites Banquo to his feast, ?Fail not our feast,? says Macbeth, ?My lord I will not,? replies Banquo ( ,
Dramatic irony occurs when the meaning of the situation is understood by the audience but not by the characters in the play. Willy thinks that
A third example of irony in the play is the use of war. In real life Othello is actually fighting a war, and he is the leader that is in the topmost position. While on the other hand, there is a war in Othello’s head. He is fighting amongst himself, trying to see if Desdemona is really cheating on him or not. This is the war he loses.
The “Tragedy of Macbeth” by William Shakespeare tells a tale of deceit, murder, and ambition, beginning with a cutthroat rise to power, followed by calamitous downfall. At the start of the play, Macbeth is a brave and loyal captain in King Duncan’s army, but after three witches prophesize that he himself will become the king of Scotland, and that those born of a friend, Banquo, will be king after him, Macbeth is overtaken by ambition and gluttony. Instigated by his wife and his own lust for power, he murders Duncan, assumes the throne, and subsequently sends mercenaries to kill Banquo’s sons. While awaiting battle, Macbeth addresses the death of his wife in Act V, scene 5. Throughout the
-Dramatic Irony is when the words and actions of the characters in a work of literature are known to the audience or reader, but they are not known to certain characters in the story. The reader or audience has a greater knowledge of many of the characters themselves.
There are two parallel perspectives to the situation occurring in Act 1, Scene 2. There is Macbeth who has just assassinated Duncan. And to contrast, there is Banquo who is blissfully unaware that Macbeth has just assassinated Duncan. Banquo asks Macbeth why he is not asleep and states that Duncan is (1.2.14). The audience knows that Duncan is actually dead. Even so, Banquo is oblivious, thus this scene is an example of dramatic irony. Regardless, knowing and practicing are two different things. While a student may know of it, spotting dramatic irony is a skill that Macbeth puts into practice. Dramatic irony can also be spotted outside of Macbeth in movies such as Jaws and the Lion King. Macbeth also effectively uses nuances. Subtext can change depending on the thoughts the characters are having. A nuance is the variation in how a character delivers a line. To illustrate, during Act 3, Scene 1, Macbeth is asking Banquo questions such as where he is going, who is he taking with him, and when will he be back. These questions could come across as casual, interrogative, cautious, or some other variation. Nuances are especially important in texts such as Macbeth where the whole tone of a scene can be determined by the
Shakespeare’s play, Macbeth demonstrates what can happen when one pursues power at the expense of everything else. The main character, Macbeth begins the play as a strong character that is greatly admired, however as the play progresses, Macbeth's personality and actions become more and more deceitful. Macbeth’s deceit eventually leads to his destruction.
In the book Hamlet by Shakespeare, irony is used numerous times in order to give the reader insight on what is going on. As stated in the Merriam-Webster dictionary, irony is an action that is understood by the audience but not by the characters in the play. If this strategy were not included in this drama, it would take away the whole purpose. This play would consist of no suspense and would be extremely boring to the reader because the characters would know as much as the readers know. This allows for incite to what can happen in the future or what has happened in the past. The irony in this play ultimately revolves around Hamlet and his plan to achieve revenge with Claudius. From the play that Hamlet organizes
A reoccurring theme in the play Macbeth is the use of ironic events. Irony is an unexpected occurrence that takes the audience by surprise and generally means the opposite of what is expected. These contradictory events enhance the plot of a story and create suspense. Irony is portrayed multiple times in this play and is known for making the play so amusing. Unexpected incidents throughout the plot occur in scenes involving the witches’ prophecies, Macbeth’s crimes committed to become king, and the back-and-forth changes in the mindset of Lady Macbeth.