James Cook: Naval Captain Navigator In The 1700's

In his article “The Columbian Voyages, the Columbian Exchange, and Their Historians”, Alfred W. Crosby seems to think that much of the Columbian voyages and what came out of them was detrimental to many cultures, most of all the Native Americans. Crosby brings up many institutions and ideologies to re-enforce his opinion, such as the slave trade and the conquest of many Native American

Did you know that James Cook was a famous explorer of the Pacific Ocean? He was also famous for mapping the Pacific Ocean, New Zealand, and Australia. James Cook was a british explorer. Britain funded many of his journeys. James Cook was the first person to sail across the Arctic Circle. According to www.Biography.com, “ James Cook was English, but Britain funded his journeys.” According to the encyclopedia,”Between 1776 and 1779 he proved that there was no direct water route between the Pacific Ocean and Hudson Bay.” In the encyclopedia,” In 1770 he sailed along the east side of Australia. He was one of the first Europeans to see a kangaroo.” In the book Social Studies United States: Early Years, He went to see if if there was a continent

James was born on March 16, 1751, in Port Conway, Virginia to James Sr. and Nelly Madison. In his family, he was the oldest of twelve children. However, five of his siblings died as infants or in childhood.

In 1500-1600 there were many different explorers of the New World. One of those explorers was Henry Hudson. Some of these explorers were sponsored by Monarchs some were even sponsored by themselves, but my explorers was sponsored by a company. Some were also very talented commanders in their younger life. In the rest of this story you're gonna learn more about the life of Henry Hudson.

The first author I chose is Captain John Smith. Captain John Smith fits into course unit two: Explorers and early colonists. Captain John Smith was among the survivors in Jamestown while other settlers died from starvation, sickness, or the Indian’s arrows. He saw the problems of Jamestown and constant deaths, so he became the leader of Jamestown. One quote from the text supports this, “In Jamestown he soon emerged as the leader who could save the colony from ruin” (McMichael 41). John decided to use his skills, courage and intelligence, from being a mercenary soldier to become the leader of the Jamestown colony. Captain John Smith fits into unit two because he came to America to become part of the first permanent English colony in America.

An English explorer was was famous for routes to North America. His goal, however, was to find easier routes from Europe to East Asia. His explorations did find him more explorations to North America. Most of his expeditions were unsuccessful and mainly were stuck in cold weather conditions and low supplies they took him and his sons, out of the crew. He died soon never returning home to England. His legacy was that he was the founder of Hudson Bay and exploration in New York and Canada.

4. Captain James Cook was a Seaman in the Royal Navy and was also an astronomer , mathematician , cartographer and photographer.

No birth record exists for Sir Francis Drake, but he was believed to have been born in 1541. Born in Tavistock, England, in a cottage made of tree branches, Drake was the oldest of his eleven brothers. He was the son of Mary Mylwaye Drake, and his father Edmund Drake who was a farmer. His father farmed on the same estate that Drake was born in, Lord Francis Russell’s estate, who was Francis Drake’s godfather. Francis worked for a merchant who traded with France, this is where he started to master his skills in navigation.

The son of a merchant sailing master, William Lloyd Garrison was born in Newburyport, Massachusetts, in 1805. Mainly due to the Embargo Act, the Garrison family fell on hard times while William was still young. In 1808 William's father left his family, forcing them to beg for food from more prosperous families. Eventually William was forced to work, selling homemade molasses candy and delivering

Captain Cook and Columbus were similar in some ways in when they encountered the Natives of the lands they discovered but in other ways were very different. Christopher Columbus was more focused on understanding and getting to know the natives as a whole so they could help the people of Europe or be more people put under the faith of Christianity. James Cook was more into business with the Natives that he discovered not trying to get personal but rather trade with them and gain more items that they have never seen or had before to take back with them to

JOHN COOK was born at Garven Terrace in Stevenston on the 11th of March 1909. The family moved to 31 Station Square prior to 1913, and John likely received his education at the Stevenston Junior Secondary School. He probably left school about the age of 14 and was apprenticed as an iron moulder at the nearby Ardrossan Winton Foundry.

Even as the Golden Age of Sail was coming to a close, Saint John had remained at the top – the fourth largest shipbuilding center in the world and one of the greatest in North America. Their affluence took a turn during 1877, when the Great Fire of Saint John devastated the city. It shattered not only the lives of city shipbuilders and merchants, but crippled local citizens as well. Summers in Saint John were typically dry and muggy, though on June 20, 1877 there was an eerie uncharacteristic breeze. Although the cause of the original spark remains unknown, it is believed to have started from McLaughlan & Son’s boiler shop or from a nearby sawmill. As wood is a naturally rapid burning agent, it led to the quick demise of many wood built city structures. The structures in the Market Square area burnt rapidly – destroying “over 80 hectares (200 hundred acres) and 1612 structures including eight churches, six banks, fourteen hotels, eleven schooners and four woodboats in just over a nine hour period.” It was a period of despair, as men and women were completely drained after “dragging bedding, pieces of furniture and other articles through the streets, a vain task in many cases, as the new places of refuge sought out often proved as unsafe as those that were deserted.” Several business owners and residents lost everything they had ¬– leaving many Saint John natives with nowhere to go. Support quickly began to pour in from all around the world, with donations reaching in

James Cook was an European explorer who went on to chart and discover new lands near Australia. He was born in a village located in Yorkshire on October 27, 1728. He was raised by his father who was a farm worker. When Cook turned 17, he settled in Whitby and found a job with a coal merchant. In 1755, Cook joined the Royal Navy. He served in North America learning to observe and describe coastal water (BBC). Captain James Cook was a superhero for the reasons that he was intelligent and respected at sea

Although many books have been written about James Cook, many scholars view Beaglehole’s The Life of Captain James Cook as the acknowledged classic work on the subject matter. His 750-page book, published in 1974, is filled with definitive descriptions and great detail regarding Captain Cook and his career. Beaglehole spent over forty years of his life (twenty of which were spent in archival collection and study) researching

In his second polar expedition, Captain Cook became the first to cross the antarctic circle (History). He is known in history for this achievement, and perhaps motivated by achieving it. Captain Cook himself wrote about Antarctica: “Thick fogs, Snow storms, Intense Cold and every other thing that can render Navigation dangerous, one has to encounter and these difficulties are greatly heightened by the inexpressible horrid aspect of the Country, a Country doomed by Nature never once to feel the warmth of the Sun's rays, but to lie for ever buried under everlasting snow and ice” (History). This reveals the nature of Captain Cook’s polar expeditions, that it was dark, cold, and dangerous. Captain Cook concluded his polar expeditions disheartened, writing that “whoever has resolution and perseverance to clear up this point by proceeding farther than I have done, I shall not envy him the honour of discovery, but I will be bold to say that the world will not be benefited by it,” (History). He was convinced that the discovery, and honor that lay in those miserable conditions were not worth the wrestle. In conclusion, Captain Cook took some expeditions to the poles, finding them less than