Jews During The 19th Century

By the year 1000 B.C.E the Jews had founded Israel as their national state (“Jews”). They actively practiced a very distinctive religion, Judaism. Israel was conquered several times and eventually came under the rule of the Roman Empire (“Jews”). During this time, Jews were legal citizens of the Empire. However, the Jews and Christians diverged quickly; the Jews were marginalized for being different and strange. They rejected the belief that Jesus is the Messiah and other christian laws. Eventually the Jewish revolt in 135 C.E. drove the Jews out of Jerusalem (“Jews”). They then lived throughout the Roman Empire and the materializing medieval states. They lived in their own communities called ghettos because they were not allowed to own land

The Jewish population before the Holocaust was 9,793,700. Though Jewish people were judged for many reasons such as their beliefs or way of life, the Jewish were doing fine and for the most part were happy. Then after Adolf Hitler gained so much power, the Jews began to be eliminated. It all started with concentration camps “In March 1933, the first concentration camp for political dissenters opened at Dachau” (Bartel 5). Dachau was the first

There were many Jews who chose to stay while others flee their home countries looking for shelter. “It was not until 1941 that official German policy encouraged Jews to leave the country by making life in Germany increasingly difficult for them. Jews were forbidden from working in certain professions and renting or owning homes in many places; they could not hold on to their financial assets and could not move freely” (America, 2017). As a result of these policies along with a hateful campaign filled with anti-Semitic propaganda and increasingly violent climate, life in Germany was impossible for many Jews.

In the 1930’s the Jewish population in Romania was around half a million. However, during World War II most of those Jews sent to the labour barracks or death camps (Wiesel, 2008).

There were nearly 100,000 Displaced Jews after the Holocaust. More than 75% of them never found any more family members. At the end of World War II there were millions of people in Europe- as much as a tenth of the population of the continent- who had been driven out of their house by the Nazi's. (Dibelius) “On May 14, 1948, the United States and the Soviet Union recognized the state of Israel. Congress also passed the Displaced Persons Act in 1948, authorizing 200,000 DPs to enter the United States.” The law's rules and demands made it adverse at first to the Jewish DPs, but Congress edited the bill with the Displaced Persons Act of 1950 (Displaced Persons). “By 1952, over 80,000 Jewish DPs had immigrated to the United States under the terms of the DP Act and with the aid of Jewish agencies.” Even with all the laws that were passed allowing populations to immigrate, it still wasn’t enough. Nearly none of Europe tolerated these people, because of what they were led to believe. The United States was probably the most tolerant, because they the least influenced by Hitler's

During the Holocaust in 1935 there were Nuremberg laws. The laws made Jews no longer German Citizens. Also defined who was Jewish, partial Jewish, or Aryan. Between 1935-1939 121 new laws and ordinances which would make life difficult for German Jews. During 1938 150,000 Jews were forced to emigrate. On October 28, 1938 between 17,000-18,000 Polish Jews dropped off at the Polish border and they were sent in cattle cars. The Night of the Broken Glass which was November 9-10, 1938 7,500 Jewish shops were damaged and their things were stolen. Also 119 synagogues were burned and a lot of people were injured and killed. (Rice 38-51)

By the end of World War 2, the Jews that were still alive were let free due to the defeat

“The first Jewish bill was passed in May 1938. It was set a 20% limit for Jews in certain professions and declared that it was a “national duty” for Hungarians to banish Jews to the sidelines in public private life. The second Jewish law was passed the following year. This law limited Jewish employment in the professions to six% and

Jews are human beings with their own history, philosophy, and eccentricities. They are a people apart from others not because of their separate religious beliefs, but because they are an ancient cultivating group of people who have their original antiquities. At the end of the 19th century, millions of Jews are living throughout Europe, and many Jews still do not have the freedoms of movement and live in areas where the government gives them special authorization. Anti-Semitism exists all in the nineteenth century European societies. During the First World War, large Jewish communities advance around the capitals. This concentration of Jewish population in large cities have a strong impact on their lifestyle and make them more visible in the

The Nazis began taking Jewish people in Germany and surrounding countries from their homes and sending

In addition laws were passed that punished the Jews for the pogroms. This led to restrictions on Jewish landownership, prohibited Jews from living in villages, and the number of Jews studying in secular schools was limited to 10% in the Pale of Settlement and 3-5% everywhere else. These laws were strictly applied by the police, which lead to the Jews being embittered to the Russian society. Subsequently In 1891, Jews were systemically expelled from Moscow in 1891

In various charitable organisations and maintained an active role in his community.As the only survivor of his immediate family,George decided to leave Czechoslovakia because of the communist takeover eventually making his way to Canada.George held on to hope for Hana's return. The people made a law called the Nuremberg in 1935. In 1935 to 1939 there was 121 new laws and it was difficult for German Jews. On October 28,1938 17 to 18,000 Jews drop off at the polish border and they were sent to the cattle cars. In 1938 there were about 150,000 Jews forced to emigrate. On November 9 and 10 there were about 7,500 Jewish shops damaged and stuff Strollers and there were about 119 synagogues burned and there were people injured and killed.

With the liberation of the concentration camps at the end of WWII, the issue at hand was what to do with the Jewish peoples with no place to go.

When the Nazis came to power there was a huge wave of emigration from the Jews, most of them didn’t go far but only to the neighboring countries (“German Jewish Refugees”).“Most of the Jewish did not go far and stayed in Europe; [because they were] expecting to return to Germany when things calmed down,” (“Why Didn’t The Jews Leave?”). Many Jewish individuals migrated to nearby countries from Germany which mostly were France, Belgium, The Netherlands and Switzerland (“Escape from German”). When the Jews ended up leaving Germany there was a range of about 37,000-38,000 who ended up getting out before the Holocaust (“German Jewish Refugees”). “After the German attack on the Soviet Union in June 1941, more than a million Soviet Jews fled eastward into the Asian parts of the country, escaping almost certain death,” (“Escape from German”).When the Jewish people immigrated towards Asia, no matter how difficult the circumstances where, they had the biggest survival rate of all the groups that left (“Escape from German”). These numbers may seem like a lot but a tremendous amount of Jews were left behind and basically forgotten about by family members, the people who were left behind in Germany and couldn't get out was over 5 million Jews. As much as it hurt they couldn’t save everybody and has to do what was best

References to the "Jews of Ashkenaz" abound in medieval Jewish texts. The Polish Jewish community in the 15th century was the largest Jewish community in the Diaspora, and continued to be so until the tragedy of the Holocaust. After the Holocaust, of the estimated 8.8 million Jews (mostly Ashkenazi) who lived in Europe, approximately 6 million were killed. Many of the survivors fled, immigrating to countries such as Israel and