John Cage Research Paper

Writer and composer, Aaron Copland, in his book, “How We Listen,” divides listening into three planes: the sensuous, the expressive and the sheerly musical. Copland argues throughout the work that “[listeners] can deepen [their] understanding of music only by being a more conscious and aware listener.” (Copland, 15) Copland’s strategy of breaking the text up with the three planes of listening helps the reader understand his message in a more complete way.

Music should be understood, but not at the expense of the performer creating a “right result” and in turn taking away from the listeners enjoyment of the work being presented.

In the variety of occasions we tend to listen in a different way and process the sounds that reach us in a different manner. Our main purpose can be to obtain information, engage in a conversation, or just enjoy the sounds we hear (Types of Listening). In the book ‘In Silence: Lectures and Writings’ John Cage argues that we hear mostly noise, which disturbs us when we ignore it and we find it fascinating if we listen to it. Also according to Cage when we make music we just organize the sound, combining different noises from the surroundings, manipulating their frequencies and creating rhythms. (Cage, J. 1961)

Without the human intention, perception, and interpretation of sound, then the existence of music would be imaginary. Music includes talking words in a way that the person creates a sound that is made with the intention of being music (Deutsch, Diana 10-13, Justus & Timothy., 33-40). Besides, people can perceive silence and sound and put them together so as to call the outcome music. In Bakan’s fourth proposition, he identifies the approach as the Human Intention and Perception (HIP) approach (Resnicow, Joel E., 10-22). In other words, the proposition tries to suggest that music is inseparable from the makers; or more specifically the people who perceive and experience it. Bakan gives numerous examples to show that music is a product of human intention and perception. This paper conducts research and gives appropriate examples to show that music is only identified as music if the person is making it has the intention for their words to be music.

Jim Bowie is an amazing Man because he died defending Texas. He died at the alamo on his deathbed by getting stabbed. His death was a very gruesome consequences for being sick in bed and shooting two of the mexicans. Now if that is not a gruesome death, then you are crazy.

James bowie has seven siblings. Jim bowie’s brother Rezin made the first bowie knife. He was born in Kentucky and spent his life in Louisiana. Jim bowie was well known as a knife fighter. Bowie got permission from the Mexican government to lead an expedition. Bowie’s wife had two children but died young. Bowie fought for three hours “Bowie said he was a born leader.” said Noah Smithwick of the battle of Concepcion. Houston wanted him to raise a volunteer group and attack but General Council declared bowie

Frederick Douglass Patterson was born on October 10, 1901, in Washington, D.C. He was the youngest of five children and was named after abolitionist Frederick Douglass. Both of Patterson's parents died of tuberculosis when he was still a toddler, and at just 2 years old, he was sent to live with his aunt Julia Dorsey. When Patterson was 7, his older sister Wilhelmina Bessie became his legal guardian.

Tommy John surgery, or more well known as ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction, is a surgery in which a ligament in the medial elbow is replaced with a ligament from elsewhere in the body. This replacement ligament is usually taken from the forearm, hamstring, or foot of the patient. This ligament is needed for everyday things such as twisting a doorknob. This injury is usually seen in professional baseball pitchers because of the daily repetitive throwing and because of violent motions from throwing a baseball. RA Dickey was born without a UCL and pitches in the majors. Doctors still do not know how he can do this because you should not be able to do anything this way.

John Lewis was often called one of the most courageous persons of the Civil Rights Movement, and was known to be an influential leader. “John Lewis dedicated his life to protecting human rights, securing human liberties, and building what he calls The Beloved Community in America,” (Lewis 1). He was born into a family of sharecroppers during the time when African Americans were subjected to segregation. Throughout his lifetime he has played a key role in trying to end legalized racial segregation. "As a young man I tasted the bitter fruits of segregation and racial discrimination, and I didn’t like it. I used to ask my parents, my grandparents, and my great grandparents, ‘Why segregation? Why racial discrimination?’ And they would say, ‘That’s the way it is. Don’t get in trouble…’ But when I heard the words of Dr.

Jordan Henderson is a young man who comes from an unhealthy environment. Jordan Henderson never thought he had a chance to live a long life. Jordan Henderson has a pending felony charge for distribution of marijuana.

Milton Babbitt and John Cage were both composers who played pivotal roles in the post-World War II Avant Garde music scene and in the pioneering of electronic music. Both composers found their roots and were greatly influenced by German-Jewish composer Arnold Schoenberg, however they both adopted different viewpoints on the relationship between a composer and their audience . Babbitt believed that a composer or creator did not have an obligation to please his or her audience, and that his pieces were intended mostly for professionals capable of understanding the context and intention of his music. Cage on the other hand granted his audience more power and influence, believing that music was a platform on which audiences could utilize their creativity to adopt new ways of perceiving and being aware of the world around them. These stances, as well as the different techniques and methodologies of the composers pitted them on somewhat of a spectrum, with Babbitt and his systematic, modernist ideas that were largely based in the music schools of academic institutions on one side and Cage, with his uncontrollable, radical combinations of Avant Garde sounds on the other side. These ideas on audience construction and relations were also visible in rock music of the 1960’s, particularly in compositions of artists such as Jimi Hendrix and Bob Dylan.

A young girl, a six-year-old beauty pageant queen, was found brutally slaughtered in her home the morning after Christmas in 1996. Who killed the defenseless little girl? The JonBenét Ramsey murder was one of the most chilling cases of its time. The investigation caught the public eye around the world and was a center for tabloids, newspapers, and TV news alike. Now, twenty years later, the world is still captivated by this bizarre crime. What really happened on that fateful winter night? Was it the mother who snapped in a fit of rage over a bed-wetting accident? Or did the neighborhood Santa Clause become a little too enthralled with the tiny beauty queen? Whatever the case, this tragedy has been under investigation for twenty years, and

As Alex Ross describes, “Cage love[s] noise” (366). This should be why he decided to alter his piano in a “conceptually violent” and unusual way for Sonatas and Interludes. Though, Cage’s aim was not pure violence, as we are pleased by the “soft sounds” instead of being “battered by some unholy racket” (Ross, 366). I

Oliver Johnson an 18 year old, African-American boy, who grew up in the streets of Pompano Beach, Fl. Never knowing his father he relied on the streets, gangsters, and hustlers to learn how to be a man. At the age of nine Oliver was selling drugs. His mother was a drug addict who preyed on the love that Oliver had for her to score her free drugs. Oliver became a man before he would ever knew the joys of being a child. Oliver paid bills, brought groceries, cooked food, went to school and kept a perfect attendance. Even though Oliver was deep in the game of drug dealing, and had a crazy home life; he was a very smart student and very respectful to everyone who crossed his path. There were always some older men in the neighborhood who knew

Ted Bundy is a notorious serial killer, necrophilia, and rapist in the late 20th century. He was estimated to have killed 100 females and has admitted to killing 36. Bundy was a child that was unwanted by his mother, Louise Cowell, since he was conceived out of wedlock. Louise Bundy’s parents were very religious and when Louise fell pregnant they felt humiliated. Therefore, they decided to adopt Ted and lie to him about who his parents were in order the pregnancy a secret. This essay will talk about Ted Bundy’s early childhood, his victims and capture, and his trail.