Knee Research Paper

The tibiofemoral joint, commonly referred to as the knee joint, is composed of five major ligaments. The patellar ligament, which extends from the quadriceps tendon, attaches to the tibial tuberosity and holds the patella in place. The fibular collateral ligament, also known as the lateral collateral ligament (LCL), attaches to the lateral femoral epicondyle and the fibular head. The tibial collateral ligament, also known as the medial collateral ligament (MCL), attaches at the medial femoral condyle and the tibia, superior and posterior to the pes anserine. The LCL and the MCL work together to stabilize the knee during flexion and extension, preventing it from bending laterally and medially, respectively. The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) attaches to the anterior intercondylar area of the tibia and the posterior intercondylar area of the femur to prevent displacement of the femur. The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) attaches to the posterior intercondylar area of the tibia and the anterior intercondylar area of the femur to prevent displacement of the tibia posteriorly (Drake, Vogl, and Mitchell, 2012a).

The ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) prevents anterior forward movement of the tibia off of the femur, as well as hyperextension of the knee. It provides stability to the joint and allows for a dynamic motion. It also helps the bending of the knee sideways toward the body.

The patella is held to the knee joint, connecting to the tibia and femur by the quadriceps tendon as the proximal attachment, and the

Steven Claes is known to have discovered a new ligament in our knee that could supply us with explanations to many unanswered questions. First, what is a ligament? Ligaments are bundles of connective tissue that connect one bone to an adjacent bone, or from one bone to a bone next to it. These ligaments are crucial in preventing unwanted and damaging movements such as . They are also important in maintaining stability of the joint while it is in motion. The ALL or anterolateral ligament, is a newly found ligament located in the knee joint. It is located towards the front of the knee and is known to be an important restraint of internal tibia rotation. This ligament is situated at the prominence of the lateral femoral epicondyle slightly anterior to the origin of the lateral collateral ligament, also known as the LCL. It has firm attachments to the lateral meniscus enveloping the inferior lateral geniculate artery and veins. This ligament connects the .. scientific name or in other terms, the thigh bone to the shin bone. Due to the location of this ligament, researches believe it keeps the knee from an unwanted inward motion. The anterolateral ligament is said to have an effect on the rotational

The bones in the upper and lower leg of Human body are connected by complex pivotal hinge joint called knee. The upper and lower extremities are encompassed of cartilage, tendons and ligaments. There are two cartilage pads called menisci that diffuse the friction created at the tibial and femur joint. The main ligaments of the knee are Medial Collateral ligament (MCL), Lateral Collateral ligament (LCL), Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), Anterolateral ligament (ALL), and Posterior Cruciate ligament (PCL).

The anterior cruciate ligament “is a ligament that connects the femur (thigh bone) to the tibia (lower leg bone) and is one of four major ligaments in the knee” (Putukian 1). It is responsible for stabilizing the knee, especially in sports/activities that require cutting, pivoting, turning maneuvers, landing, sudden deceleration, and planting. It is this ligament that is responsible for also preventing tibial translation onto the femur. Injury to the ACL usually happens when

The knee is a major weight bearing joint that provides mobility and stability during physical activity as well as balance while standing. To provide this range of function, the joint relies on multiple soft-tissue structures to maintain bony alignment during weight bearing and movement. If the knee is exposed to forces beyond its physiologic range, bone or soft-tissue structures are at risk of injury (1).

In order to be able to understand this reached, an individual would need to know the following terms: ACL, femur, tibia, and the patella. “The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a passive knee stabiliser, reducing the anterior shift of the tibia relative to the femoral condyles” (ACL Injuries, pg 11). According to Webster

Palastanga (2006). Anterior cruciate ligament as two bands, anteromedial attaches anterioriorly on intercondylar eminence of medial plateau of tibia.posterolateral attach on medial aspect of lateral condyle of femur; intermediately twisted. Vascular supply is middle genicular artery.

The knee is a major weightu bearing joint that provides mobility and ustability during physical activity as well as balance while standingu. To provide this range of function, the joint relies on multiple soft-tissue structures to maintain bony alignment during weightu bearing and movement. If the knee is exposed to forces beyond its physiologic range, bone or soft-tissue structures are at risk of injury (1).

Ligaments are made of fibrous collagen tissue. The purpose of the ligaments are to connect two bones to each other. These connects are located at joints, which control and enhance our movements. Our hips, shoulders, elbows and knees are connected by ligaments. People who are double jointed have ligaments that allow them to move their joints further than people who are not double jointed.

The knee is an involute weight bearing joint that connects the femur, patella, and tibia composing the patellofemoral and tibiofemoral joints. It is withal comprised of sundry ligaments, tendons, and cartilage that function to integrate stability, kineticism, and weight bearing. Any structure of the knee is susceptible to injury, however, many occupational cognate disorder affect the bursae, meniscus, and cartilage. This is particularly true for knee-straining postures such as kneeling and squatting or prostration.

muscles that move the joint by the tendons. Instead, ligament provide stability and join the knee

The knee is a major weight bearing joint which provides mobility & stability during physical activities as well as balance during standing. The joint depends on multiple soft tissue structures to maintain bony alignment during weight bearing & movement and provide wide range of function. If the knee is subjected to forces above its physiologic capacity, bone or soft-tissue structures will be at risk of injury (1).

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is crucial to knee stability as its function is directly related to the anatomical morphology.9 The ACL is one of the two ligaments that interconect the femure and tibia in the intercondylar sector of the knee.4 It consists of two bundles: antromedial (AMB) and postrolatral (PLB). Both bundles originate from the postero-medial aspect of the lateral femoral condyle and run in an oblique manner to insert on the anterior region to the intercondylar tibial eminence.17 The ACL is comprised of multiple collagen fascicles, mainly type I collagen, surrounded by connective tissue and covered by the synovial membrane.17 The average width of the ACL is 11mm and the mean length of the AMB is 33mm, while it is 18mm for the PLB.14