Knee Research Paper

The medial collateral ligament (MCL) is a tough band of tissue that connects the thighbone to the shinbone. Your MCL is located on the outside of your knee. It prevents your knee from moving too far inward and helps keep your knee stable. A MCL sprain is an injury caused by stretching the MCL too far. The injury can involve a tear in the MCL.

The Anterior Cruciate Ligament “…is a primary restraint to anterior drawer of the tibia” (Halewood & Amis, 2015, p. 2790) which means that it keeps the tibia from moving too far forward. Providing controlled extension, it is also a primary player in knee stability (Kisner & Colby, 2012, p. 803). It

The ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) is one of four ligaments to connect the thigh bone to the shin bone. The ACL stabilize the knee, controls excessive movement, and limits joint mobility. The ACL is primarily for the forward motion when walking, running, and jumping. Without the ACL the thighbone would constantly dislocate from the shin bone.

The knee is a hinge joint which gives the legs mobility. The muscles and ligaments of this joint allows flexion and extension of the leg. “Because the knee supports the majority of the body weight, it is at risk of overuse and traumatic injuries” (France). The knee is composed of 3 major bones; the femur, tibia, and the fibula. The femur is the biggest bone in the human body, the inferior end flares out into two rounded landmarks called femoral condyles. Their name comes from the side of the body they are on, which is where we get Lateral Femoral Condyle and Media Femoral Condyle. Superiorly to these condlyes are the medial and lateral femoral epicondyles. The bones inferior to the femur are the Tibia and Fibula. The superior end of the Tibia flares out into slightly concave structures called the Tibial Plateaus. A crescent wedge shape of cartilage sits in each plateau. These are the Medial Meniscus and the Lateral Meniscus. This cartilage acts as a shock absorber and distributes forces. “The menisci are bathed by the synovial fluid of the knee” (France). The meniscus is what separates the each side of the Tibia and Femur and the transverse ligament connects each menisci. There is a circular bone on the

A medial collateral ligament (MCL) is one of the four ligaments in knee. The MCL is on the inside of the knee and connects a person’s thigh bone with the lower leg. An injury or tear to the MCL is common especially among athletes.

Rotation at the knee can only occur when the joint is in flexion. Medial, or internal, rotation is a slight “turning in” of the tibia, and the muscles that accomplish this are the semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and popliteus with assistance from the gracilis and sartorius. To slightly turn the tibia outward is called lateral (external) rotation, and the muscle that is solely responsible for this is the biceps femoris.

All of these things combine together and make the knee joint; the bones, the femur the patella, the tibia, and the fibula, the tendons the quadriceps and the patellar and the patellar tendons. The ligaments the MCL, LCL, PCL, ACL and depending if you want to count the patellar tendon as a ligament then it is a ligament. The muscles that help the knee and leg move the quadriceps and the hamstrings. And are vital and necessary for the knee joint to work correctly. Now that I have given you a crude and simple explanation of what makes up the knee joint it is time I explained to you what exactly what a knee tear is.

There are 2 collateral ligaments of the knee; lateral collateral (LCL) and medial collateral (MCL). The LCL attaches from the lateral femoral epicondyle to the lateral part of the fibular head, and is the stronger of the 2 ligaments. It is a thin, round ligament and is extracapsular. The MCL attaches from the medial femoral epicondyle to the medial condyle and superiomedial part of the tibia. It also attaches to the medial meniscus and is a wide, fat ligament (Moore et al. 2010, p. 636). They are both well vascularised (Levangie & Norkin, 2012, p. 404).

The gross structure of the ACL consists of the anteromedial and posterolateral bundle which prevent excessive movements of the knee (Guy and Lamb, 2016). During flexion,

The Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) is located inferior (underneath) to the Femur and superior (above) to the Tibia. The ACL allows range of motion the Tibia.

Meniscus, is a type of cartilage which rests between the thigh bone-femur and shin bone-tibia. The bones rest of these meniscus, which is made of tough cartilage. The inner end of the meniscus is called medial meniscus, and the outer side of the knee is called lateral meniscus. A knee joint is very important, not only for general activity, but it also bears the weight of our body, and helps with our healthy life. It is made up of knee cap - patella, femur - thigh bone, shin bone - tibia. The surfaces of these bones are covered with thich

Ligaments are fibrous tissues that connect one bone to another. They attach the bones of the skeleton to one another for movement. Made from flexible collagen fibres, the ligaments form joints that help with the movement of body parts, such as the fingers, elbows and hips. Tendons are also composed of fibrous tissue and their function is to connect muscles to bones. Cartilage is a type of flexible connective tissue that protects bones and helps to form body parts such as the ears and nose.

The patella is a large, flat, triangular sesamoid bone located anterior to the knee joint . It provides a central of attachment for the quadriceps tendon and patellar ligament . ( 10 )

C. Compare and contrast tendons and ligaments. Ligaments connect bone to bone and tendons connect bone to muscle.

Since ours is the age of advancement of science & technology, tremendous development have taken place in medical field. A new addition to this is artificial organs of human body. This is a new hope to the persons who have the wish to lead a life not only for themselves but also for their family & country. The artificial ligament is one of the recent addition to advanced medical. And this body part is an evolution in medical textile. Mostly, the sportsperson have to stop their glorious career when they receive injury in a vital part of their body, in knee portion.