Lab Report- Neurophysiology of Nerve Impulses Essay

The nervous system is made up of basic units called neurons. The main role of the neurons is to receive, integrate and transmit information throughout the body. There are some neuroglial cells found in nervous system aswell which provide support to the neurons by giving protection and nourishment Neurons have nerve processes that looks like finger like projections extended from the nerve cell body. They also contain axons and dendrites which enable them to transmit signals throughout the body. Normally, axon carry signals away from the cell body and dendrites carry signals toward the cell body according to Regina Bailey (2013). Neurons have three different shapes: bipolar, unipolar and multipolar where bipolar has two neuronal processes coming out of the cell body, unipolar has only one neuronal process coming out of the cell body and multipolar has many neuronal processes coming out of the cell body.

Neurons, nerve cells, have three basic parts: the cell body, dendrites, and axon. Neurons transmit signals to other nerve cells and throughout the body. They are simple components in the nervous system. The cell body includes the nucleus, which is the control center of the neuron. The dendrite branches off the cell body and receives information. The axon is attached to the cell body and sends information away from the cell body to other cells. When the axon goes through myelination, the axon part of the neuron becomes covered and insulated with fat cells, myelin sheath. This increases the speed and efficiency of information processing in the nervous system. Synapse are gaps between neurons, this is where connections between the axons and dendrites.

Neurons are information- processing units in the central nervous system that receive and transmit information. It is made up of an axon, dendrites and a cell body. The nucleus and cytoplasm are contained in the cell body. The axon starts from the cell body, dividing into smaller branches and then ends at the nerve terminals. The dendrites also branch from the cell body, receiving information from the other neurons. Axons from other neurons forms

1. Neurons is a basic building block of the nervous system. The sensory nerves carry the message from body tissues to the brain and spinal chord to be processed. The motor neurons are then used to send instructions to the body tissue from the brain and spinal cord. Dendrites, which are connected to the body cell (soma) receive information and pass it through the axon. Myelin sheath covers the axon and helps speed the process. When triggered by a signals from our senses or other neurons, the neuron fires an impulse called the action potential. The resting potential is the neuron’s visual charge of positive

A lesser amount of Potassium ions diffuse out across the membrane, leaving behind a less negative charge. The

* The axon is a long, thin fiber that transmits signals away from the soma to other neurons or to muscles or glands.

nerve fibers, preventing them from releasing acetylcholine, a chemical that allows nerves to communicate with muscles and other nerves.”

My prediction was that the membrane potential will not change and that was wrong because the resting membrane potential changed from -40V to 0V. This happened because K+ diffuse out across the membrane and they leave a net negative charge behind. ___

A nerve cell has a negative charge at a resting state due to negatively charged proteins within the cell.[3] Although the inside of the cell contains positively charged potassium ions as well, overall the charge is still negative. Along with potassium on the inside of the cell, positively charged sodium ions are located around the exterior of the cell.[3] When an action potential occurs, the cell becomes even more negatively charged. In turn, this causes sodium transport molecules in the membrane of the cell to open.[3] Sodium will then enter the cell during active transport. The positively charged sodium will cancel out the negatively charged active potential which will depolarize the cell. This allows neurotransmitters to transfer from cell to cell.[3] These neurotransmitters are what allows the body to feel pain. Local anesthetics work by diffusing through nerve fibers. Once they’ve reached the cells, they block the sodium transport molecules in the cell.[2] Therefore neurotransmitters cannot transfer information from cell to cell and the feeling of

Increasing extracellular K+ causes the membrane potential to change to a less negative value because the K+ ions diffuse out across the membrane. My results went well compared to my prediction because I predicted that the resting membrane potential would become less negative.

As shown in Figure 1 (Barker 1991), the neuron is composed of three parts: the dendrite, the cell body, and the axon. The dendrites are structures resembling tree branches that receive signals from other neurons and send them to the cell body. The cell body determines which signals among the many that it gets from the dendrites to send to the axon, which sends signals away from the cell body to other neurons (Herlihy, 2000). The axons are sheathed by a layer of fat known as myelin, which protects the axon and increases the speed at which impulses are carried out. However, myelin is formed differently in the central nervous and peripheral systems. In the central nervous system myelin is created by a type of cell known as oligodendrocytes, while in the peripheral system they are formed by Schwann cells (Hall 1991).

Nerve cells: Nerve cells are found in your nervous system. The function of the nerve cell is to transfer messages from one part of your body to the other. Your nervous system has millions of nerve cells, called neurons. Neurons transfer messages throughout the body. The neurons carry messages called nerve impulses. Nerve impulses are created either by the neurons getting excited, or sound and pressure.

Neurons are what send nerve impulses from one part of the nervous system to the other. Neuroglia is the “glue” that holds the neurons together. (Campbell, 2016). There are multiple parts of the neuron that help to transmit the impulses. A neuron includes the cell body, nucleus, dendrites, axon, myelin sheath, and axon ending. The main portion is the cell body which holds the nucleus or DNA of the cell (Boeree, 2009). Dendrites receive the message from other neurons while axons carry the impulse to another neuron. The myelin sheath serves as insulation for the impulses so they can travel faster. The axon ending then sends the impulse on to another neuron and the process is completed for that impulse (Boeree, 2009). Nerve tissue helps to run the nervous system and the impulses sent in the body from neurons. All of the tissues of the body work together in order for the body to function and work as it

Whenever the balance is altered, the process of transmitting electrical signals, which is called action potential initiates by carrying information across a neuron’s axon; which is called resting membrane potential. This process occurs as uneven ions distribution flow across cell membrane, creating electrical potential. As a result, the duration of active potential can be as fast as 1 ms. Similarly, the average resting membrane is between -40 mV and -80 mV. Since the membrane from inside is more negatively charged than the outside, it reflected on the negative average voltage readings of the resting membrane.

Information conveyed by the synapses on the dendrites is processed and projected from the axon. The axon is extraordinary, it is specialized for signal conduction to the next neuron. Axons vary in length, the ones in your brain are relatively short in comparison to the axons that run from your spinal cord down to your foot (about a meter long).