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Latrodectus Hesperus Spider

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Spiders are known to engage in complex rituals before mating. The courtship and mating behavior of the Latrodectus hesperus spider, most commonly known as the Black Widow or the Western Widow is particularly interesting .This type of spider earned its name due to their particularly interesting courting and mating behavior which often leads to sexual cannibalism, a rare sexual behavior in which the female feeds on the male after copulation.
In order to understand the behavior of this species, it is important to understand the general morphology of the spider. The adult female L. hesperus is easily recognizable by its black body and a red irregular shape on its ventral side. Some variations include white spots in the lateral and dorsal portion …show more content…

2011). In the case of the spiders, there are multiple reasons that could lead to cannibalism such as food limitation, prey availability, defense mechanisms, copulation and sperm transfer control, size differences, and a form of extreme mate selection. Experiments have suggested that cannibalism in the L. hesperus may be due to a heritable trait. These type of spiders are special because their cannibalistic trait is shown at an early age when they cannibalize toward kin (Johnson et al. 2010). This cannibalistic behavior may have evolved from the fact that female black widows often neglect their offspring and their spiderlings must find a quick source of food in order to survive; however studies need to be done in order to prove this reasoning (Johnson et al. …show more content…

In virgin females 40 to 50% are able to successfully kill the males. Rarely a male is able to survive a second copulation which usually takes longer than the first time they mated (Herberstein et al. 2010). In addition, these types of attacks are known to affect the proper placement of semen plugs that are commonly used by Latrodectus species. Sperm plugs are used not only in black widows, but in different types of species as a mechanism to prevent copulation or fertilization of the female by other males (Neumann Rainer & Schneider M. Jutta. 2011). Some arthropods use pieces of their copulatory organs (in the case of black widows, the sclerite) as a ‘block’ that is placed inside the female in order to prevent copulation (Neumann Rainer & Schneider M. Jutta. 2011). This strategy however has a high cost and may affect the reproduction rates of this species. In addition, proper placement of the sclerite is crucial since number of offspring is directly related to fertilization success (Neumann Rainer & Schneider M. Jutta. 2011). Finally the failure to place the sclerite properly results in a high risk that females will remain unfertilized leading to high reproduction cost. Some studies have suggested that in the case of virgin couples, about 46% of the males failed to place the sclerite in a proper position in order to achieve fertilization and protection for paternity. Body size and fitness are important in

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