Lee De Forest
Lee De Forest was born Aug. 26, 1873, Council Bluffs, Iowa. De Forest was the son of a Congregational minister. His father moved the family to Alabama and there assumed the presidency of the nearly bankrupt Talladega College for Negroes. Excluded by citizens of the white community who resented his father's efforts to educate blacks, Lee and his brother and sister made friends from among the black children of the town and spent a happy although sternly disciplined childhood in this rural community. (Kraeuter, 74). As a child he was fascinated with machinery and was often excited when hearing of the many technological advances during the late 19th century. He began tinkering and inventing things even in high school, often
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De Forest's doctoral dissertation on the "Reflection of Hertzian Waves from the Ends of Parallel Wires" is said to possibly be the first doctoral thesis in the United States on the subject that was later to become known as radio. (Kraeuter, 76).
His first job was with the Western Electric Company in
Chicago, where, he began working in the dynamo department, then working his way up to the telephone section and then to the experimental laboratory. While working after-hours on his own, he developed an electrolytic detector of Hertzian waves. (A Science Odyssey: People and Discoveries, 1999). The device was very successful, as was an alternating-current transmitter that he designed. In 1902 he and his financial backers founded the De Forest Wireless Telegraph Company. In 1902, De Forest began giving public demonstrations of wireless telegraphy for businessmen, the press, and the military in an effort to inform and expand its succcess.
De Forest invented the Audion, or triode, device in 1906, by inserting a grid into the center of a vacuum tube. Applying voltage to the grid controlled the amount of a second current flowing across the tube. a vacuum tube device that could take a weak electrical signal and amplify it into a larger one. (A Science Odyssey: People and Discoveries, 1999). In 1913, AT&T installed audions to boost voice signals as they crossed the US continent. Soon the audion was
Johnston, Keith and Elwood Watson. “The W. E. B. DuBois and Booker T. Washington Debate: Effects upon African American Roles in Engineering and Engineering Technology.” The Journal of Technology Studies, vol. 30, no. 4, 1 Nov. 2004, pp. 65–70. JSTOR, doi:10.21061/jots. v30i4. a.10.
Robert E. Lee, who was considered to be the greatest soldier fighting for the Confederate
The life of one of the most influential individuals in American history began in 1755 on the island Nevis in the British West Indies. In this tiny tropical island in the Caribbean was where he came into this world at the very bottom of the social order. He was a bastard -- illegitimate, because his mother was not legally married to his father. As a result, he was prohibited from attending a Christian school, and had no rights of inheritance. When he was ten, his family moved to St. Croix, where hundreds of plantations -- worked by slaves -- produce sugar and coffee for export. His Scottish-born father, James A. Hamilton, came to the West Indies with the ambition to make a fortune in the sugar trade, but was never successful. Soon after they arrive on St. Croix, his father abandoned the family. He would never see his father again. Only about two years later at the age of thirteen his mother, Rachel Faucette, died of yellow fever. Faucette’s small estate went all to her first husband, Hamilton only kept the books. He loved reading and took advantage of these books and the knowledge stored in them.
In the scholarly article titled “Whiteness, Freedom, and Technology: The Racial Struggle over Philadelphia’s Streetcars, 1859-1867”, the author Geoff D. Zylstra writes about how technology was used to help enforce segregation from the years 1859 to 1867 in Philadelphia. Published by The John Hopkins University Press, this printed article is an intriguing piece of writing to other scholars, historians of technology, and historians of race because it displays a professional and profound analysis of the connection between technology and race during this time period. The readers will be enlightened about how black Americans were discriminated from riding the streetcars in Philadelphia. The article additionally gives details about the prejudices
Robert E. Lee was born in Stratford Hall, near Montross, Virginia, on January 19, 1807.
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On April 9, 1865, Confederate General Robert E. Lee (1807-70) surrendered his approximately 28,000 troops to Union General Ulysses S. Grant (1822-85). In the front parlor of Wilmer McLean’s home in Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia, effectively ending the American Civil War (1861-65). Days earlier, Lee had abandoned the Confederate capital of Richmond and city of Petersburg, hoping to escape with the remnants of his Army of Northern Virginia, and meet up with additional Confederate forces in North Carolina and resume the fighting. When Union forces cut off his final retreat, Lee was forced to surrender, finally ending four years of bloody sectional conflict. In retreating from the Union army’s Appomattox campaign, which began in late March 1865,
Throughout history, there have been people whose names and faces have become synonymous with the time periods in which they lived. For example, Julius Caesar is synonymous with the late Roman Republic and George Washington is synonymous with the American Revolution. Just like these two men, the name Robert E. Lee has become synonymous with the American Civil War. Not only did Lee rise to become the most important and recognizable person in the Southern Confederacy, but his honor and virtuous acts during and after the war made him a hero to modern-day Americans. Even though he fought for what many consider the morally erroneous side of the war, the virtues of his character have made him a figure in American history
In Robert Remini’s introduction (rpt. in Robert Remini, A Short history of the United States:From the Arrival of Native American Tribes to the Obama Presidency, 1st ed. [New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 2008] xv-xvii), the author voted for the Obama-Biden campaign in the United States presidential election of 2008. In the introduction, he clearly shows that he is pro-Obama. Remini shows this by praising the Obama campaign, insulting the McCain-Palin campaign with his subtle use of words, and using a certain tone throughout the introduction.
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Lee De Forest was born Aug. 26, 1873, Council Bluffs, Iowa. De Forest was the son of a Congregational minister. His father moved the family to Alabama and there assumed the presidency of the nearly bankrupt Talladega College for Negroes. Excluded by citizens of the white community who resented his father 's efforts to educate blacks, Lee and his brother and sister made friends from among the black children of the town and spent a happy although sternly disciplined childhood in this rural community. (Kraeuter, 74). As a child he was fascinated with machinery and was often excited when hearing of the many technological advances during the late 19th century. He began tinkering and inventing things even in high school,
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family. He was a waster, with no thought for their welfare. A man with no
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